Research Article

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Triphala Constituents and Nanoformulation

Table 2

MIC, MBC, and MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) of TAE and nanoemulsion hydrogel containing TAE and carvacrol for different microorganism strains.

Microorganismmg/mL
MICMBCMIC/MBCActivity

TAE
Enterococcus faecalis, ATCC-292122550<4Bactericidal
Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), ATCC-512992550<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC-433001225<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ATCC-433002550<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus epidermidis, ATCC-1222836<4Bactericidal
Salmonella typhimurium, ATCC-140281225<4Bactericidal
Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL), ATCC-7006032550<4Bactericidal
Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE), ATCC-17052550<4Bactericidal
Acinetobacter baumannii, ATCC-196051225<4Bactericidal
Shigella sonnei, ATCC-259312550<4Bactericidal
Proteus mirabilis, ATCC-43071NANANA
Escherichia coli, ATCC-35218NANANA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa1225<4Bactericidal
Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL)1225<4Bactericidal
Escherichia coli1225<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus aureus2550<4Bactericidal
Enterococcus faecalis2550<4Bactericidal
Acinetobacter baumannii2550<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)NANANA
Proteus mirabilis1225<4Bactericidal

TAE and carvacrol nanoemulsion hydrogel
Escherichia coli36.675<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus aureus46.6150<4Bactericidal
Enterococcus faecalis50200<4Bactericidal
Staphylococcus epidermidis40200>4Bacteriostatic
Staphylococcus capitis2087.5<4Bactericidal
Bacillus cereus spores66.6>200>4Sporostatic
Bacillus sphaericus spores58.3>200>4Sporostatic
Bacillus subtilis spores75>200>4Sporostatic

MICMFCMIC/MFCActivity
Candida albicans36.6200>4Fungistatic
Aspergillus niger33.3>200>4Fungistatic

NA = no antibacterial activity at the concentration of the extract tested (50 mg/mL).