Constitutions of Deficiency and Stasis of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Related Factors among Middle-Aged Women in Taiwan
Table 1
Differences in demographic data and health-related variables between women with and without yang deficiency, yin deficiency, and stasis (n = 1000).
Variable
Total
Constitution
Yang deficiency (n = 297)
Yin deficiency (n = 217)
Stasis (n = 177)
n
(%)
N
(%)
n
(%)
n
(%)
Age (years)
40 ≤ age < 51
419
(41.9)
142
102
99
51 ≤ age < 56
237
(23.7)
72
(24.2)
59
(27.2)
45
(25.4)
56 ≤ age < 65
344
(34.4)
83
(27.9)
56
(25.8)
33
(18.6)
Marital status
Single
86
(8.6)
34
21
(9.8)
22
Married
744
(74.5)
206
(69.8)
152
(70.7)
117
(66.1)
Widowed
95
(9.5)
38
(12.9)
28
(13.0)
27
(15.3)
Divorced
73
(7.3)
17
(5.8)
14
(6.5)
11
(6.2)
Currently working
No
419
(41.9)
114
(38.4)
83
(38.2)
59
Yes
581
(58.1)
183
(61.6)
134
(61.8)
118
(66.7)
Education
Elementary school
60
(6.0)
8
10
(4.6)
4
(2.3)
High school
464
(46.4)
135
(45.5)
89
(41.0)
79
(44.6)
College or university
414
(41.4)
134
(45.1)
105
(48.4)
83
(46.9)
Graduate school
62
(6.2)
20
(6.7)
13
(6.0)
11
(6.2)
Vegetarian
No
923
(92.3)
271
(91.2)
211
169
(95.5)
Yes
77
(7.7)
26
(8.8)
6
(2.8)
8
(4.5)
Tea habit
No
709
(70.9)
204
(68.7)
150
(69.1)
122
(68.9)
Yes
291
(29.1)
93
(31.3)
67
(30.9)
55
(31.1)
Coffee habit
No
661
(66.1)
181
131
101
Yes
339
(33.9)
116
(39.1)
86
(39.6)
76
(42.9)
Menstruation
No
555
(55.5)
144
106
70
Yes
445
(44.5)
153
(51.5)
111
(51.2)
107
(60.5)
Ever pregnant
No
101
(10.1)
38
23
(10.6)
21
(11.9)
Yes
899
(89.9)
259
(87.2)
194
(89.4)
156
(88.1)
Ever abortion
No
432
(43.2)
124
(41.8)
85
(39.2)
71
(40.1)
Yes
568
(56.8)
173
(58.2)
132
(60.8)
106
(59.9)
Body mass index
Underweight
21
(2.1)
7
(2.4)
5
(2.3)
4
(2.3)
Normal weight
595
(59.5)
181
(60.9)
133
(61.3)
98
(55.4)
Overweight
244
(24.4)
72
(24.2)
49
(22.6)
48
(27.1)
Obese
140
(14)
37
(12.5)
30
(13.8)
27
(15.3)
Bone mineral density T score
Normal (≥1.0)
659
(65.9)
204
(68.7)
154
(71.0)
124
(70.1)
Osteopenia (−2.4 to−1.1)
267
(26.7)
74
(24.9)
52
(24.0)
45
(25.4)
Osteoporosis (≤−2.5)
74
(7.4)
19
(6.4)
11
(5.1)
8
(4.5)
Bone mineral density Z score
Normal (≥−1.0)
909
(90.9)
273
(91.9)
203
163
(92.1)
Osteopenia (−2.4 to−1.1)
88
(8.8)
22
(7.4)
12
(5.5)
13
(7.3)
Osteoporosis (≤−2.5)
3
(0.3)
2
(0.7)
2
(0.9)
1
(0.6)
Pulmonary function
Normal spirometry
600
(60)
164
117
93
Abnormal spirometry
400
(40)
133
(44.8)
100
(46.1)
84
(47.5)
Chi-square testing was used to determine the significance of differences in characteristics between the women who had yang-deficiency, yin-deficiency, or stasis constitutions or not; the significance level was set at ;. Included obstructive impairment, restrictive impairment, and mixed impairment.
