| System of diseases | Name of diseases | Related targets and pathways | References |
| Respiratory | Asthma | IFN-γ↑, IL-4↓, IL-13↓, TLR4/NF-κB signaling, MAPK signaling | [32, 49] | Lung acute injury | IL-6↓, MCP-1↓, HMGB1↓, NF-κB p65↓, TNF-α↓ | [50, 52] | Cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation | MAPKs/NF-κB signaling, IL-8↓, ROS↓ | [31] | Lung fibrosis | TGF-β1-induced MAPKs/Smad3 signaling | [51] |
| Cardiovascular | Epirubicin-induced heart injury | miR-1↓, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, NF-κB signaling | [55] | Atherosclerosis | SR-A↓, TC↓, TG↓, LCL-C↓, MDA-LDL↓, CRP↓, ICAM-1↓, VCAM-1↓, MCP-1↓ | [58–61] | Chronic gastritis | Clinical, Helicobacter pylori↓ | [63] | Irritable bowel syndrome | Clinical, pain↓ | [65, 66] |
| Hepatobiliary | Chronic hepatitis B | HBsAg↓, HBeAg↓ | [68] | Acute alcohol-induced liver injury | SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling | [69] | Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity | Antioxidative, ALT↓, AST↓, p-JNK↓, TNF-α↓, MCP-1↓, IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, NF-κB signaling pathway | [77] | Liver fibrosis | Hepatic stellate cells↓, NF-κB signaling, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, MMP-1↓, MMP-9↓ | [74–76] |
| Urogenital | Renal injury and renal toxicity | ER stress↓, oxidative stress↓, NF-κB signaling↓, AMPK signaling↓, GSK-3 signaling pathway↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, ICAM-1↓, VEGF↓, Nrf2↑, HO-1↑ | [56, 78] | Chronic pelvic inflammation | IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, ICAM-1↓, VEGF↓ | [56] |
| Neurological | Neuronal cytotoxicity | NF-κB signaling↓, MAPK signaling↓ | [26, 80–83] | Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury | TLR2↓, TLR4↓ | [84] |
| Musculoskeletal | Osteoarthritis, soft tissue injury, trauma | PGE2↓, IL-1β↓, NO↓, NF-κB signaling↓ | [3, 6, 8, 30, 86] | Periodontitis | Nrf2/NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling | [87, 88] |
| Rheumatological | Rheumatoid arthritis | FOXO3↑, miR-155↓, NF-κB signaling | [89, 90] |
| Dermatological | Solar ultraviolet-induced skin inflammation | TOPK↓, p-p38↓, JNKs↓, MSK1↓, histone H2AX↓, IL-6↓, TNF-α | [92] | Psoriasis | MyD88↓, TLR8↓ | [93] | Dermatosis | Clinical | [95] | Eczema | Clinical | [94] |
| Malignant | Breast cancer | CXCL4/CXCR3-B signaling, apoptosis↑ | [103] | Colon cancer | RUNX3↑, intracellular Ca2+↑, apoptosis↑, PGE2↓, COX-2↓ | [98, 106] | Esophageal cancer | Bcl-2/Bax↓, apoptosis↑ | [108, 109] | Gastric cancer | ERBB2↓, NF-κB signaling, MMP-2↓, MMP-9↓ | [97, 100, 102] | Liver cancer | NF-κB signaling | [107] | Melanoma | TNF-α-activated NF-κB and IL-6-activated STAT3 signaling | [99, 101] | Ovarian cancer | VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, PI3K/Akt pathway | [105, 110] | Pancreatic cancer | TGF-β1/SMAD signaling | [112] | Prostate cancer | Apoptosis↑, caspase-3↑, −8↑, −9↑, PI3K/Akt pathway | [111] |
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