Effects of Mind-Body Exercise in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

Study	Cancer type	Mean age (E/C)	Sample size	Experiment	Control	Duration	Outcome measures
Bower, USA	Breast	54.4 ± 5.7/53.3 ± 4.9	31	Yoga	Health education	12 w	FSI, PSQI, BDI-II, and PSS
Chaoul, USA	Breast	49.5 ± 9.8/49 ± 10.1	159	Yoga	Usual care	12 w	BFI and PSQI
Chen, China	Breast	45.3 ± 6.3/44.7 ± 9.7	96	Qigong	Usual care	5 w	FACT-G, BFI, PSQI, and CESD
Cramer, Germany	Colorectal	68.7 ± 9.13/67.81 ± 10.3	54	Yoga	Usual care	10 w	FACT-C, PSQI, and HADS
Dhruva, USA	Mixed	52.4 ± 14.6/56.0 ± 11.9	16	Yoga	Usual care	4 w	SF-12, PFS, GSDS, HADS, and PSS
Eyigor, Turkey	Breast	52.3 ± 9.5/51.5 ± 7.3	42	Yoga	Usual care	10 w	EORTC-QLQ-C-30, and BDI
Ho, China	Breast	48.6 ± 7.7/49.1 ± 8.7	139	Dance	Usual care	3 w	FACT-B, PSQI, HADS, HADS, and PSS
Jong, Netherlands	Breast	51 ± 8.0/51 ± 7.3	83	Yoga	Standard care	12 w	EORTC-QLQ-C-30, MFI, and HADS
Littman, USA	Breast	60.6 ± 7.1/58.2 ± 8.8	63	Yoga	Usual care	24 w	FACT-G, FACIT-F, and BMI
McQua, USA	Prostate	62.2 ± 7.4/66.0 ± 8.4	43	Tai Chi	Usual care	8 w	BFI and PSQI
Mustian, USA	Mixed	54.3 ± 0.77/54.0 ± 0.67	410	Yoga	Standard care	4 w	PSQI
Taso, China	Breast	49.27 ± 10.23	60	Yoga	Standard care	8 w	BFI
Ying, China	Breast	54.09 ± 7.76	86	Qigong	Daily physical activity	24 w	FACT-B, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and BMI
Zhang, China	Lung	62.8	96	Tai Chi	Low-impact exercise	12 w	MFSI-SF
Zhou, China	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	NR	83	Tai Chi	Usual care	4 w	MFSI-SF

E, experiment; C, control; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; BMI, body mass index; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; EORTC-QLQ-C-30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire; FACT-B, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast; FACT-C, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal; FACT-G, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General; FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue; FSI, Fatigue Symptom Inventory; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale; GSDS, General Sleep Disturbance Scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; MFSI-SF, Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PFS, revised Piper Fatigue Scale; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; SF-12, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.