STW1 and Its Versatile Pharmacological and Clinical Effects in Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Report

Table 1

Effects of STW1 in comparison with its individual herbal extracts in different in vitro models for antioxidative/anti-inflammatory effects (semiquantitative assessment).

Models

Rose bengal

Riboflavin

Xanthine oxidase (XOD)

Diaphorase

Lipoxygenase

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

Zymosan-activated leukocytes

AAPH decomposition

Gene and protein expression in fibroblasts

Cytokine and chemokine network responses in fibroblasts

DHFR

IFN-γ/LPS-activated human monocytes

Total x

Properties

Antioxidative

Anti-inflammatory

References

[8, 9]

[10]

[11]

[11, 12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

STW1

x

xx

x

x

xx

x

xx

xx

xx

Nonadditive cytokine and chemokine network profiles

xx

xx

18

Populus tremula

x

xx

xx

x

xx

x

xx

xx

xx

x

xx

18

Fraxinus excelsior

x

x

xx

x

x

x

x

xx

x

xx

x

14

Solidago virgaurea

x

x

xx

x

x

O

x

x

x

x

(x)

10.5

Only those studies and models are listed, in which in addition to STW1 all three herbal extracts were tested. 2,2’-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. In the presence or absence of LPS. Dihydrofolate reductase. IFN-γ/LPS = interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide; xx = strongest effect; xx = strong effect; x = medium effect; (x) = slight effect; O = no effect.