STW1 and Its Versatile Pharmacological and Clinical Effects in Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Report

Table 3

Study design of randomized single- and double-blind studies with STW1.

Primary investigator [ref]	Indication	Study design	Comparison groups	Number of patients	Dose (drops/day)	Washout (days)	Duration of therapy	Plus NSAID	Published	Comment
Meier [17]	RA	db	Placebo, “nothing”	5, 5, 5	3 × 30		2 weeks	Diclo.	No	Pilot study
Eberl et al. [18]	RA	db	Placebo	20, 17	3 × 30		1 year	Diclo.	No
Schadler [19, 20]	OA	db	Placebo	15, 15	3 × 40		2 × 7 days	Diclo.	Yes	Crossover
Huber [21, 22]	MD	db	Placebo	18, 20	3 × 30	1	3 weeks	Diclo.	Yes
Hahn and Hübner-Steiner [23, 24]	MD	db, open	Placebo, indomethacin	15, 15, 15	3 × 30 (40)		4 weeks		Yes
Speck et al. [25]	MD	db	Placebo	15, 11, 11, 10	3 × 30, dd, hd		4 weeks		No	Various concentrations
Bernhardt et al. [26]	MD	db, open	Placebo, piroxicam	36, 36, 36	3 × 30		4 weeks		No
Müller-Faßbender [27]	OA	db	Placebo, Populus extract	71, 72, 72	3 × 40	2	3 weeks		No
Schreckenberger [28]	Epicondylitis	sb	Diclofenac	16, 15	3 × 30		1 week		No
Schreckenberger [29, 30]	Epicondylitis	db, sb	Placebo, diclofenac	15, 15, 15	3 × 40		2 weeks		Yes
Schadler [19, 20]	OA	sb	Diclofenac	15, 15	3 × 30		3 weeks		Yes
Schadler and Kalmbach [31]	MD	sb	Diclofenac	10/10	3 × 30 (40)		24 weeks		No
Baumann et al. [32]	OA	db	Diclofenac	52, 56	3 × 30 (40)		2 weeks		No	Double-dummy
Herzog et al. [33]	MD	db	Diclofenac	277, 140	3 × 40	7	4 weeks	Paracet.	No	Double-dummy
Hawel et al. [34–36]	MD	db	Diclofenac	108, 106	3 × 40		3 weeks		No	Double-dummy
Michael and Sörensen [37]	MD	db	Populus extract	12, 13	3 × 30 (40)		4 weeks		No
Botzenhardt [38]	RA	sb	Indomethacin	16, 15	3 × 30		3 weeks	Paracet.	No
Vajda and Kiss-Antal [39]	OA	sb	Iontophoresis	15, 15	2 × 5 mL		3 weeks	Paracet.	No

RA = rheumatoid arthritis; OA = osteoarthritis; MD = various musculoskeletal disorders; dd = double dose; hd = half dose; Diclo. = diclofenac; Paracet. = paracetamol.