The Effect of Conduction Exercise and Self-Acupressure in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Primary outcomes across study time points.
CE and SA group (N = 22)
Control group (N = 14)
Between group
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Adjusted mean difference ± SE (95% CI)
value†
Primary outcome C-PDQ-39
Total
Baseline
43.32 ± 4.75
40.64 ± 5.31
Week 4
43.68 ± 4.76
42.79 ± 6.13
−1.50 ± 4.12 (−9.89 to 6.89)
0.72
Week 8
41.32 ± 5.22
41.07 ± 6.33
−2.25 ± 4.77 (−11.94 to 7.45)
0.64
Mobility
Baseline
13.95 ± 1.62
16.57 ± 2.42
Week 4
12.95 ± 1.65
15.90 ± 2.80
−0.26 ± 1.87 (−4.06 to 3.53)
0.89
Week 8
12.77 ± 1.77
15.57 ± 2.70
−0.60 ± 2.06 (−4.78 to 3.58)
0.77
Activities of daily living
Baseline
6.14 ± 1.02
7.00 ± 1.38
Week 4
6.36 ± 0.99
7.14 ± 1.55
−0.052 ± 1.03 (−2.15 to 2.05)
0.96
Week 8
6.86 ± 0.97
7.29 ± 1.59
0.23 ± 1.24 (−2.29 to 2.74)
0.86
Emotional well-being
Baseline
7.23 ± 1.06
4.57 ± 1.28
Week 4
7.18 ± 1.16
4.79 ± 1.28
0.012 1.00 (−2.02 to 2.05)
0.99
Week 8
6.82 ± 1.22
4.21 ± 1.15
0.44 ± 1.22 (−2.04 to 2.92)
0.72
Stigma
Baseline
3.64 ± 0.75
2.43 ± 0.47
Week 4
3.59 ± 0.63
3.14 ± 0.79
−0.46 ± 0.69 (−1.86 to 0.95)
0.51
Week 8
3.05 ± 0.66
2.64 ± 0.71
−0.52 ± 0.65 (−1.84 to 0.79)
0.43
Social support
Baseline
1.68 ± 0.44
1.14 ± 0.72
Week 4
1.95 ± 0.41
1.50 ± 0.59
0.23 ± 0.63 (−1.05 to 1.51)
0.72
Week 8
1.41 ± 0.34
1.36 ± 0.75
−0.35 ± 0.43 (−1.23 to 0.54)
0.43
Cognition
Baseline
4.36 ± 0.62
4.00 ± 0.70
Week 4
4.64 ± 0.69
4.21 ± 0.74
0.097 ± 0.61 (−1.15 to 1.35)
0.88
Week 8
4.00 ± 0.57
4.14 ± 0.77
−0.41 ± 0.64 (−1.70 to 0.89)
0.53
Communication
Baseline
2.14 ± 0.48
2.14 ± 0.55
Week 4
2.91 ± 0.55
2.71 ± 0.55
0.20 ± 0.56 (−0.94 to 1.34)
0.72
Week 8
2.41 ± 0.48
2.93 ± 0.78
−0.514 ± 0.535 (−1.60 to 0.57)
0.34
Bodily discomfort
Baseline
4.18 ± 0.50
2.79 ± 0.58
Week 4
4.09 ± 0.59
3.79 ± 0.80
−0.78 ± 0.83 (−2.47 to 0.91)
0.35
Week 8
4.00 ± 0.55
2.93 ± 0.69
0.22 ± 0.79 (−1.40 to 1.84)
0.78
Data are expressed in the format of mean ± SEM; the mean difference was derived through adjusting for baseline assessments of treatment and control group; † value was derived by ANCOVA.
