The Clinical Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Insomnia and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 4

Summary of findings table.

	Participants (RCTs)	Quality of evidence	Anticipated absolute effects
			Risk difference with intervention (95% CI)
Patients with underlying diseases
Insomnia outcome measurements
CBT-I vs. no treatment
ISI	229 (5)	⊕⊕⊕⃝moderate	MD 4.47 lower (7.46 lower to 1.48 lower)
PSQI	391 (5)	⊕⊕⊕⃝moderate	MD 2.57 lower (3.5 lower to 1.65 lower)
CBT-I vs. hypnotics	None	None	None
Depression outcome measurements
CBT-I vs. no treatment
SDS	176 (2)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 3.44 lower (5.83 lower to 1.06 lower)
BDI	144 (2)	⊕⃝⃝⃝very low	MD 2.61 lower (8.36 lower to 3.14 higher)
HADS-D	85 (3)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 3.1 lower (4.71 lower to 1.5 lower)
CBT-I vs. hypnotics	None	None	None
Patients without underlying diseases
Insomnia outcome measurements
CBT-I vs. no treatment
ISI	455 (6)	⊕⊕⊕⃝moderate	MD 4.88 lower (5.8 lower to 3.95 lower)
CBT-I vs. hypnotics
ISI	282 (2)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 2.82 lower (5.22 lower to 0.41 lower)
PQSI	414 (3)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 0.29 lower (1.21 lower to 0.62 higher)
Depression outcome measurements
CBT-I vs. no treatment
BDI	118 (2)	⊕⃝⃝⃝very low	MD 1.19 lower (4.27 lower to 1.89 higher)
CES-D	174 (3)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 9.58 lower (13.71 lower to 5.45 lower)
CBT-I vs. hypnotics
HAMD	282 (2)	⊕⊕⃝⃝low	MD 1.27 lower (5.36 lower to 2.82 higher)