Ethnopharmacological Potential of Aspilia africana for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

Table 2

Selected key individual phytochemical compounds in A. africana with anti-inflammatory activities and their mechanisms of action.

Name of compound	Class of compounds	Chemical structure	Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action	References
α-Pinene	Terpenoid		Suppression of MAPKs and NF-κB pathway	[2]
Linolenic acid	Fatty acid		Downregulation of inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α gene expression	[2]
Phytol	Diterpene		Inhibition of proinflammatory mediators and reduces migration of neutrophil and oxidative stress	[2, 20]
Carene	Monoterpene		Inhibition of processes involving prostaglandins or their synthesis	[21]
β-Caryophyllene	Sesquiterpene		Inhibition of COX-2	[22]
Germacrene D	Sesquiterpene		Suppression of synthesis of both TNF-α and NO	[15]