| | Factor | Total (n = 100) | Back pain (n = 82) | Other sites of pain (n = 18) |
| | Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 52.58 (15.4) | 53.20 (15.8) | 49.78 (13.6) | | 20–30, n (%) | 10 (10.0) | 8 (9.8) | 2 (11.1) | | 30–40, n (%) | 14 (14.0) | 12 (14.6) | 2 (11.2) | | 40–50, n (%) | 20 (20.0) | 17 (20.7) | 3 (16.7) | | 50–60, n (%) | 14 (14.0) | 7 (8.5) | 7 (38.9) | | >60, n (%) | 42 (42.0) | 38 (46.3) | 4 (22.2) |
| | Sex, n (%) | Male | 52 (52.0) | 43 (52.4) | 9 (50.0) | | Female | 48 (48.0) | 39 (47.6) | 9 (50.0) |
| | Comorbidities, n (%) | Hypertension | 31 (31.0) | 28 (34.1) | 3 (16.7) | | Diabetes | 11 (11.0) | 11 (13.4) | 0 (0.0) | | Depression | 4 (4.0) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (5.6) | | Cardiovascular | 11 (11.0) | 9 (11.0) | 2 (11.1) | | Pulmonary | 3 (3.0) | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | | Gastrointestinal | 5 (5.0) | 2 (2.4) | 3 (16.7) |
| | Employment, n (%) | Employed | 49 (49.0) | 37 (45.1) | 12 (66.7) | | Unemployed | 51 (51.0) | 45 (54.9) | 6 (33.3) |
| | Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Yes | 50 (50.0) | 39 (47.6) | 11 (61.1) | | No | 50 (50.0) | 43 (52.4) | 7 (38.9) |
| | Average alcohol consumption units per week (n = 50) | Mean (SD) | 8.16 (7.5) | 8.18 (7.7) | 8.09 (7.4) |
| | Smoking status, n (%) | Current smoker | 24 (24.2) | 17 (21.0) | 7 (38.9) | | Nonsmoker | 75 (75.8) | 64 (79.0) | 11 (61.1) |
| | Average cigarettes smoked per day (n = 24) | Mean (SD) | 17.58 (8.4) | 17.94 (7.3) | 16.71 (11.4) |
| | Cause of initial pain episode onset | Daily activity | 59 (59.0) | 49 (59.8) | 10 (55.6) | | Work or exercise | 31 (31.0) | 26 (31.7) | 5 (27.8) | | Accident (traffic, etc.) | 10 (10.0) | 7 (8.5) | 3 (16.7) |
| | Average cost of initial surgery (Korean Won/1,000) | Mean (SD) | 4,112.5 (2,655.8) | 4,217.3 (2,770.4) | 3,635.0 (2,052.2) | | Average total costs (Korean Won/1,000) | Mean (SD) | 6846.0 (10,442.6) | 7,525.3 (11,333.2) | 3,751.7 (3,270.6) |
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