Efficacy and Safety of Oral Chinese Patent Medicine Combined with Conventional Therapy for Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the included studies.

Study ID	Type of disease	Number of RCTs (sample size)	Treatment group	Control group	Outcomes	Methodological quality evaluation tool
Liu [19]	CHF	7 (403)	QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	①②③④⑤⑥⑦	Cochrane
Shang [20]	CHF	13 (1154)	QQC (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT	②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩	Cochrane
Li [21]	CHF	16 (1422)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT	②③④⑤⑥⑧⑩	Cochrane
Zhuang [22]	CHF	57 (4351)	QQC (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT	②④⑤⑥⑦⑨⑪⑫⑬	Cochrane
Liu [23]	CHF	79 (7119)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	①②③④⑤⑦⑨	Cochrane
Li [24]	CHF	22 (1988)	QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	②③④⑤⑥⑦	Cochrane
Jiang [25]	CHF	17 (1965)	QQC (1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT	①②④⑤⑦⑩	Cochrane
Xu [26]	HFpEF	10 (829)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	①②④⑨⑮	Jadad
Feng [27]	DHF	18 (1404)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT	②③⑦⑧⑨⑭⑮⑯	Cochrane
Sun [28]	HF-ICM	22 (1942)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	②⑤⑥⑦⑧⑰⑱	Jadad
Sun [29]	HF	120 (10872)	QQC (NA) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	①②⑤⑦⑨⑫⑬	Cochrane
Wang [30]	CHF	17 (1840)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	①②④⑤⑦⑧⑫⑬	Cochrane
Liu [31]	CHF	18 (2244)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	①②④⑤⑥⑦⑩⑪⑫	Cochrane
Gao [32]	CHF	13 (1541)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	①⑦	Jadad
Wang [33]	CHF	22 (2426)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	①②④⑤⑥⑧⑪	Jadad
Shan [34]	CHF	8 (788)	QYDP (NA) + CT	CT	⑥⑪	Jadad
Zhang [35]	CHF	11 (931)	QYDP (NA) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	①②④⑤⑦⑨⑭	Cochrane
Chang [36]	CHF	12 (877)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	①②④⑤⑥⑦⑪	Jadad
Qu [37]	HF-ICM	10 (1070)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	②④⑤⑦⑫	Cochrane
Tian [38]	HF-CHD	15 (1614)	QYDP (0.5 g, tid) + CT	CT	②④⑤⑦⑧	Jadad
An [39]	CHF	22 (1750)	SBP (22.5–45 mg, tid) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	②④⑤⑥⑦⑧	Cochrane
Jin [40]	CHF	31 (2596)	SBP (NA) +  CT	CT	②④⑤⑥⑧⑪	Jadad
Dong [41]	CHF	27 (2637)	SBP (22.5–67.5 mg, tid) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	②④⑤⑧⑨⑩⑲	Cochrane
Lin [42]	HF-ICM	12 (1182)	SBP (NA)+CT + trimetazidine	CT + trimetazidine	②⑤⑥⑧	Cochrane
Chen [43]	HF	11 (907)	WK (6 g, tid; 9 g, tid) + CT	CT	④⑤⑦	Cochrane
Liang [44]	HF + Arrhythmia	5 (472)	WK (5 g, tid; 9 g, tid)+CT + amiodarone	CT + amiodarone	⑤⑦⑧	Cochrane
Liu [45]	CHF	10 (1044)	TC (2–4#, tid) + CT	CT	⑤⑥⑦⑧⑫⑬⑳	Jadad
He [46]	HF-CHD	17 (1752)	TC (2–4#, tid) + CT	CT	⑤⑦⑧⑩	Cochrane
Wang [47]	CHF	9 (912)	CDDP (10#, tid) + CT	CT	⑦⑧	Cochrane
Lai [48]	CHF	21 (1691)	CDDP (NA) + CT	CT	②④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑪⑲㉑㉒	Jadad
Wu [49]	CHF	11 (1006)	ZC (NA) + CT	CT	⑤⑦⑧⑨⑩	Cochrane
Cao [50]	CHF	14 (1204)	ZC (0.25∼1 g, tid; 0.5 g, bid) + CT	CT	①④⑤⑦⑩⑭⑲	Cochrane
Chen [51]	HF	13 (1051)	ZC (0.25∼1g, tid) + CT	CT	①⑤⑦	Cochrane
Li [52]	CHF	7 (483)	BQT (4#, tid) + CT	CT	①③④⑤⑧⑨	Cochrane
Mo [53]	CHF	7 (573)	BQT (4#, tid) + CT	CT	①③⑤⑦⑨㉓	Cochrane
Chen [54]	CHF	14 (1404)	YT (0.9–1.2 g, tid) + CT	CT	②④⑤⑦⑧⑨㉔	Jadad
Zhang [55]	CHF	14 (1137)	XZK (0.3 g, bid; 0.6 g, qd; 0.6 g, bid; 0.6 g, tid) + CT	CT or CT + placebo	④⑤⑥⑦⑧	Cochrane
Cai [56]	CHF	19 (2291)	YC (9#∼12#/day) + CT	CT	②⑤⑥⑦	Jadad

① New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function efficacy; ② 6-minute walk test (6-MWT); ③ Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score; ④ brain natriuretic peptide (BNP); ⑤ left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); ⑥ left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD); ⑦ adverse events; ⑧ clinical comprehensive efficacy; ⑨ N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); ⑩ cardiac output (CO); ⑪ left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD); ⑫ hospitalization rate; ⑬ mortality; ⑭ TCM symptom efficacy; ⑮ the ratio of peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in early left ventricular diastole to peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in atrial systole (E/A); ⑯ the ratio of peak mitral valve blood flow velocity in early diastole to peak mitral valve annulus velocity in early diastole (E/E′); ⑰ left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV); ⑱ left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV); ⑲ stroke volume (SV); ⑳ E peak deceleration time (DT); ㉑ interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd); ㉒ left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole (LVPWd); ㉓ Lee’s Heart Failure Score; ㉔ hypersensitive C reaction protein (hs-CRP); HF: heart failure; CHF: chronic heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; DHF: diastolic heart failure; HF-ICM: heart failure caused by ischemic cardiomyopathy; HF-CHD: heart failure caused by coronary heart disease; NA : Not available; QQC : Qili Qiangxin Capsules; QYDP : Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills; SBP : Shexiang Baoxin Pills; WK : Wenxin Keli; TC : Tongxinluo Capsules; CDDP : Compound Danshen Dripping Pills; ZC : Zhenyuan Capsules; BQT : Buyi Qiangxin Tablets; YT : Yangxinshi Tablets; XZK : Xuezhikang; YC : Yixinshu Capsules; CT: conventional therapy; Cochrane: Cochrane Reviews’ Handbook; Jadad: Jadad Rating Scale.