Reviews and Thoughts on the Relevance between Qualitative Chinese Medicinal Properties and Quantitative Material Components

Table 2

The 19 articles focused on the relevance and discrimination between Chinese medicinal properties and microelements.

First author	Year	Region	Research objects	Research methods	Main results or conclusions	Statistical methods
Gong and Zhang [24]	1990	Yangzhou	182 CMM and their microelements content	Analyze the microelements content by logarithm, logarithm mean, standard error, and standard deviation	High levels of Fe, Zn, and Cu in cold, cool, and salty Chinese herbs	Logarithm, logarithmic mean, standard error, and standard deviation
Gong and Zhang [25]	1990	Yangzhou	182 CMM and their microelements content	Analyze the microelements content by logarithm, logarithm mean, standard error, and standard deviation	The CMM attributed in the liver channel are rich in Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn	Logarithm, logarithmic mean, standard error, and standard deviation
Chen [26]	1990	Jiangxi	176 CMM and the Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn contents	Analyze the relationship between the content and ratio of each elements and CMP	The CMP are closely related to the contents of iron and manganese	Linear correlation and regression analysis
Chen et al. [27]	1992	Jiangxi	18 CMM and their 15 microelements content	Analyze the relationship between the content and ratio of each elements and CMP	The CMP are related to the different contents of certain microelements	Variance analysis
Hu et al. [28]	1992	Shandong	32 CMM (115 flavors)	Establish the discriminant equations in three types of drugs (homothermic drugs, flat drugs, and herbal drugs)	The content of inorganic elements is the material basis that determine the four properties of CMP	Linear discriminant analysis
Tang and Guan [29]	1994	Wuhan	27 CMM and 15 rare Earth elements and 27 nonrare Earth elements content	The significance of the difference in the contents of 42 elements in simulant, sweet, and bitter CMP was examined by the t-test	Most elemental contents in pungent CMM are higher than sweet and bitterness CMM	t-test
Xue [30]	1996	Wuhan	5 CMM and their 19 elements content	Two kinds of sample homogeneity of the variance test and two kinds of discriminant analysis were used	Establishing the discriminant equation for CMM efficacy	Variance homogeneity test and the discriminant function method
Hong et al. [31]	1996	Jiangxi	7 Yang-tonifying herbs and their 15 vital elements content	Analyze the average content and standard deviation of each element of various drugs	High in Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Cr elements and low in Pb, Cd, and Ba are the first choice for Yang-tonifying herbs	Standard deviation
Chen et al. [32]	1996	Jiangxi	100 CMM, and their 15 inorganic element content	Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to analyze the relationship between 15 elemental contents and drug properties	Establishing the discriminant function of inorganic chemical elements for CMP	Discriminant function method
Qin et al. [33]	1998	Liaoning	16 herbs that tonify the body and their 11 microelements content	Analyze the pharmacology and correlation of effects of inorganic chemical elements in CMM	Microelements have the tonic effect	Intuitive analysis
Wang et al. [34]	2001	Beijing	14 kinds of tonic herbs and their microelements content	Analyze the pharmacology and correlation of effects of inorganic chemical elements in CMM	The content of microelements in herbs that tonify the blood is greater than herbs that tonify the Qi	Intuitive analysis
Qi et al. [35]	2003	Chongqing	10 herbs that release the exterior and their 16 microelements content	Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the characters of 16 microelements in 10 CMM	The content of inorganic elements are the material basis that determine the CMP	Factor analysis and cluster analysis
Jin and Yan [36]	2003	Beijing	A large number of Chinese herbal elements in the literature	The statistical parameters of the distribution of microelements in CMM	There is a causal relationship between Yin/Yang CMP, flavors, organic components, and microelements in CMM	Cluster statistics
Liang [37]	2004	Nanjing	12 mineral CMM and the active ingredients	Quantifying according to the generalized pH theory, soft and hard acid and alkali principles, frontier orbit theory, relationship between electronegativity differences and key ionicity, and Pka values	Proposed three ways to quantify four flavors and five flavors	Intuitive analysis
Ma and Guan [38]	2004	Wuhan	105 CMM and their 42 elements content	Using Wilks’λ minimization method to screen 11 elements that significantly contribute to drug taste and establish an “optimal” linear discriminant function according to the Bayes criterion	Establishing three discriminative functional formulae for pungent, sweetness, and bitterness	Wilks’ minimization method
Zhao et al. [39]	2007	Beijing	8 CMM and their 11 elements content	Using the calculated cluster parameters to deeply analyze the taste and pharmacological activities	According to the subparameters, 8 anti-AIDS drugs were divided into three categories: drug-induced partial sun, partial vaginal Yin, and Yin-Yang positive drug	Cluster statistics method
Liu et al. [40]	2009	Sichuan	193 CMM and their 7 elements content	Using support vector machines to train 193 CMM and establish a predictive model for neutral and nonneutral CMP	There is certain correlation between the content of inorganic elements and CMP	Support vector machines
Wu et al. [41]	2010	Wuhan	105 CMM and their 42 elements content	Establishment of the Fisher discriminant equation based on the content of 42 microelements in 105 CMM	Establish the Fisher discriminant equation	Fisher discriminant analysis
Wu et al. [42]	2012	Wuhan	105 CMM and their 42 elements content	After the Fisher discriminant analysis, equations are established and evaluated	The established discriminant equation is active and useful	Fisher discriminant analysis