Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Antiarthritic Potential of Trigonella gharuensis Extracts

Table 5

T. gharuensis downregulated proinflammatory and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Markers	Vehicle control	Arthritic control	Piroxicam	EETG	NHTG
TNF-α	32.40 ± 1.777	49.97 ± 1.967	33.72 ± 1.033	34.29 ± 1.538	35.38 ± 0.571
NF-κB	33.01 ± 1.538	52.59 ± 0.679	34.82 ± 1.226	39.08 ± 1.365	41.25 ± 0.690
IL-6	32.65 ± 1.741	39.61 ± 1.178	31.99 ± 1.033	33.86 ± 0.850	33.61 ± 1.195
IL-1β	33.09 ± 1.462	51.79 ± 1.439	31.99 ± 1.226	34.46 ± 1.239	35.83 ± 0.649
COX2	33.89 ± 1.699	55.96 ± 1.300	34.07 ± 0.878	31.06 ± 0.791	34.73 ± 0.499
IL-4	33.95 ± 1.001	22.49 ± 0.505	29.72 ± 0.724	31.82 ± 0.551	33.16 ± 0.427

EETG, ethanolic extract of T. gharuensis (400 mg/kg); NHTG, n-hexane extract of T. gharuensis (400 mg/kg); piroxicam (10 mg/kg). Values were denoted as mean ± SEM. , and when compared with the arthritic control group.  < 0.01 and  < 0.001.