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Plants | Active ingredients | Mechanism of action | Therapeutic purposes | Study type (animal mode/clinical) | References |
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Actaea racemosa L | Triterpenes and derivatives of flavones | Dopaminergic effect. Also, acts on the hypothalamus vasomotor center | Anxiety and depression | Randomized clinical trial | [26, 27] |
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Agastache mexicana subsp. Mexicana (Lamiaceae) | Tilianin | The ligand of GABAA/BZDs receptor | Nerve tonic and tranquilizing | Mice | [28, 29] |
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Agastache mexicana subsp. Xolocotziana (Lamiaceae) | Tilianin | GABAergic activity | Nerve tonic and tranquilizing | Mice | [28, 30] |
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Annona cherimola Mill. (Annonaceae) | Liriodenine, nornuciferine, and anonaine | Increase in monoaminergic neurotransmission | Anxiety and tranquilizing | Mice | [31] |
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Hypericum perforatum L (Hypericaceae) | Hyperforin and hypericin | A selective inhibitor of MAO-A and MAO-B; inhibition of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine uptake, the antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; interactions with the GABA-A receptor | Depression, anxiety, and insomnia | Clinical studies | [32, 33] |
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Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiacae) | Linalool and linalyl acetate | Serotonin neurotransmission through 5-HT1A receptors | Depression | Mice Randomized clinical trial | [34, 35] |
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Litsea glaucescens (Lauraceae) | Linalool and b-pinene | Interaction with the serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors, α2-adrenoceptor, and the β1-adrenoceptors D1 receptor | Sadness | Mice | [36, 37] |
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Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) | Rosmarinic acid and the triterpenoids, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid | Inhibitor of GABA transaminase | Benign palpitations | Randomized clinical trial | [38] |
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Mimosa pudica (Fabaceae) | Norepinephrine, b-sitosterol, d-pinitol, mimosine | Mediated by the central serotonergic system | Depression and insomnia | Rats | [39] |
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Passiflora incarnata | Orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and chrysin | GABAA and GABAB receptors agonist | Generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, and depression | Clinical studies | [40, 41] |
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Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum | Dichloromethane fraction | Effect on monoamine biosynthesis | Nerve tonic, a calming agent | Mice | [42] |
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Piper methysticum G. Foster | Kavalactones, Kawain, dihydrokavain | Inhibition of MAO-B and blocked the uptake of noradrenaline | Anxiety | Clinical studies | [43, 44] |
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Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) | Quercetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid | Mediated by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors | Anxiety and depression | Rats | [45, 46] |
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Valeriana officinalis L. | Valerenic acid and valerenol | Enhance the response to GABAA receptors | Sleep and anxiety disorders | Mice, clinical studies | [47, 48] |
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