Evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine Interventions on Chronic Low Back Pain Using Goal Attainment Scaling

Table 2

Changes in goal attainment scores by sociodemographic characteristics of study participants.

Characteristics	n	(%)	GAS score (Mean ± SD)			Pre-post GAS difference	F
			Preintervention	Postintervention	Paired t
Gender							0.013
Male	50	(36.8)	32.03 ± 6.93	46.89 ± 10.29	−10.485	14.86 ± 10.02
Female	86	(63.2)	34.11 ± 5.08	49.17 ± 9.36	−14.335	15.06 ± 9.74
Age (years)							2.174
40–49	24	(17.6)	31.95 ± 6.30	51.06 ± 8.49	−10.681	19.11 ± 8.77
50–59	32	(23.5)	32.42 ± 6.14	47.96 ± 9.31	−8.576	15.53 ± 10.25
60–69	50	(36.8)	33.36 ± 5.91	47.31 ± 11.37	−9.744	13.95 ± 10.13
≥70	30	(22.1)	35.43 ± 4.86	48.26 ± 8.08	−7.831	12.82 ± 8.97
Residency							4.125
Local	107	(78.7)	33.37 ± 5.93	47.48 ± 9.81	−15.547	14.11 ± 9.39
Nonlocal	29	(21.3)	33.26 ± 5.85	51.49 ± 8.95	−9.092	18.23 ± 10.80
Education							1.527
≤primary school	46	(33.8)	33.68 ± 5.68	47.23 ± 10.28	−10.157	13.54 ± 9.04
Middle school	40	(29.4)	33.79 ± 4.73	47.87 ± 9.60	−8.258	14.08 ± 10.78
High school	25	(18.4)	33.82 ± 6.32	49.47 ± 8.08	−7.849	15.65 ± 9.97
University	25	(18.4)	31.55 ± 7.36	49.98 ± 10.65	−10.211	18.43 ± 9.02
Marital status							1.217
Not Married	7	(5.1)	30.47 ± 6.45	49.44 ± 11.26	−6.814	18.97 ± 7.36
Married	129	(94.9)	33.5 ± 5.84	48.27 ± 9.70	−16.943	14.77 ± 9.90
Monthly household income per capita (¥)							0.696
≤3000	41	(30.1)	33.05 ± 5.60	46.91 ± 11.48	−9.138	13.86 ± 9.71
3001–6000	74	(54.4)	33.21 ± 6.13	48.26 ± 9.00	−12.317	15.05 ± 10.51
>6000	21	(15.4)	34.41 ± 5.72	51.38 ± 8.22	−10.899	16.96 ± 7.13
Employment							6.560
Employed	31	(22.8)	31.55 ± 6.76	50.43 ± 7.29	−12.945	18.87 ± 8.12
Retired	105	(77.2)	33.88 ± 5.53	47.72 ± 10.30	−14.176	13.84 ± 10.00
Job							1.233
Manager	30	(22.1)	32.87 ± 6.98	48.92 ± 10.23	−8.639	16.05 ± 10.18
Office worker	25	(18.4)	33.33 ± 6.78	45.03 ± 10.83	−6.400	11.70 ± 9.14
Laborer	54	(39.7)	33.69 ± 5.10	48.95 ± 8.65	−11.769	15.27 ± 9.53
Self-employed	27	(19.9)	33.21 ± 5.47	49.50 ± 10.10	−8.138	16.29 ± 10.40
Health insurance							0.617
Urban employee	87	(64.0)	32.83 ± 6.22	48.07 ± 9.98	−14.091	15.24 ± 10.09
Urban residents	33	(24.3)	33.63 ± 4.88	49.18 ± 9.47	−9.092	15.55 ± 9.83
Rural and others	16	(11.8)	35.55 ± 5.70	48.00 ± 9.45	−6.006	12.45 ± 8.29
Duration of chronic low back pain (years)							0.354
≤5	79	(58.1)	32.85 ± 6.22	47.75 ± 9.71	−13.003	14.90 ± 10.19
6–10	27	(19.9)	33.76 ± 5.15	50.01 ± 10.62	−8.236	16.25 ± 10.25
>10	30	(22.1)	34.28 ± 5.64	48.35 ± 9.13	−9.067	14.07 ± 8.50
Coexisting chronic diseases							3.605
0	68	(50.0)	32.60 ± 6.36	49.66 ± 9.34	−13.888	17.06 ± 10.13
1	50	(36.8)	34.35 ± 5.24	47.93 ± 9.47	−10.355	13.58 ± 9.27
≥2	18	(13.2)	33.38 ± 5.64	44.45 ± 11.32	−5.507	11.07 ± 8.53
Perceived health							0.618
Poor	36	(26.5)	32.14 ± 6.60	45.57 ± 11.09	−7.900	13.42 ± 10.20
Fair	65	(47.8)	34.24 ± 5.58	49.77 ± 9.31	−11.730	15.53 ± 10.67
Good	35	(25.7)	32.92 ± 5.58	48.51 ± 8.66	−12.201	15.59 ± 7.56
Distance to nearest community health centre (minutes)							0.043
≤15	67	(49.3)	32.54 ± 6.25	47.43 ± 10.11	−12.526	14.89 ± 9.73
16–30	28	(20.6)	33.11 ± 6.40	48.58 ± 9.26	−9.476	15.47 ± 8.64
>30	41	(30.1)	34.84 ± 4.64	49.65 ± 9.52	−8.733	14.81 ± 10.86
Perceived professional competency of attending doctor							21.283
≤average	58	(42.6)	33.84 ± 6.41	44.63 ± 9.00	−8.536	10.79 ± 9.63
>average	78	(57.4)	32.98 ± 5.49	51.09 ± 9.40	−18.226	18.11 ± 8.77
Pain level							1.125
≤4	57	(41.9)	32.90 ± 5.79	49.25 ± 8.93	−13.619	16.36 ± 9.07
4.1–7	69	(50.7)	33.85 ± 6.12	47.61 ± 10.62	−10.563	13.76 ± 10.82
>7	10	(7.4)	32.46 ± 4.96	48.11 ± 8.09	−10.216	15.66 ± 4.85

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