In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity against Breast, Cervical, and Ovarian Cancer Cells and Flavonoid Content of Plant Ingredients Used in a Selected Thai Traditional Cancer Remedy: Correlation and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis
Table 2
Cytotoxic activity (IC50; μg/ml) of plant extracts against breast cancer (MCF-7), ovarian cancer (SKOV3), cervical cancer (HeLa), and human keratinocyte (HaCat) cell lines (mean ± SEM; n = 3).
Plant
Cytotoxicity (IC50 (μg/ml) ± SEM)
MCF -7
SKOV3
Hela
HaCat
A. ebracteatus
>100
21.52 ± 1.28
25.31 ± 2.25
80.95 ± 0.94
A. galanga
34.79 ± 4.24
33.75 ± 1.21
34.88 ± 1.13
93.18 ± 2.20
A. villosum
30.66 ± 1.29
80.79 ± 3.82
59.42 ± 2.02
52.25 ± 0.58
A. comosus
>100
>100
>100
>100
A. paniculata
87.02 ± 3.21
>100
>100
38.29 ± 3.20
A. sinensis
34.15 ± 1.33
89.78 ± 1.25
72.25 ± 2.05
71.47 ± 2.55
A. dahurica
9.87 ± 2.13
>100
>100
>100
A. valgaris
49.16 ± 3.65
35.44 ± 1.07
46.54 ± 2.92
27.30 ± 3.71
A. membranaceus
>100
>100
>100
>100
B. rotunda
29.96 ± 1.09
35.05 ± 0.75
60.22 ± 2.15
34.25 ± 0.62
C. halicacalum
45.65 ± 2.32
>100
>100
>100
C. papaya
42.2 ± 2.11
>100
>100
>100
C. verum
20.88 ± 1.82
46.25 ± 1.25
24.12 ± 0.88
46.16 ± 1.43
C. myrrha
>100
>100
68.77 ± 4.10
>100
C. sativus
>100
>100
>100
>100
C. stellatopilosus
87.65 ± 3.21
>100
>100
34.21 ± 0.10
C. aromatica
90.43 ± 3.12
>100
>100
8.78 ± 0.21
C. comosa
68.56 ± 2.32
61.21 ± 1.26
73.21 ± 2.01
39.34 ± 0.96
D. opposite
>100
>100
>100
>100
E. acoroides
>100
>100
>100
>100
F. albopurpurea
14.63 ± 4.54
>100
>100
>100
F. vulgare
20.34 ± 2.64
45.27 ± 2.12
68.25 ± 1.85
>100
H. indicum
29.55 ± 3.21
35.13 ± 3.01
47.85 ± 2.02
>100
E. arvense
>100
>100
>100
>100
J. sambac
>100
>100
>100
>100
K. galanga
49.33 ± 1.45
>100
>100
>100
L. triadra
>100
46.25 ± 3.01
>100
81.53 ± 4.17
L. striatum
30.22 ± 2.32
28.32 ± 1.52
36.24 ± 2.20
>100
L. barbarum
>100
>100
>100
>100
M. cochinchinensis
53.47 ± 1.07
>100
>100
37.68 ± 0.85
M. siamensis
11.23 ± 2.82
>100
>100
33.39 ± 0.40
M. ferrea
86.42 ± 3.21
>100
>100
6.84 ± 0.39
M. elengi
>100
>100
>100
>100
M. fragrans
64.57 ± 2.22
>100
>100
32.58 ± 0.61
N. nucifera
>100
>100
>100
>100
O. tenuiflorum
50.56 ± 1.97
>100
>100
95.08 ± 0.59
P. amarus
23.23 ± 1.13
28.84 ± 2.15
35.21 ± 1.08
75.28 ± 1.40
P. cablin
24.65 ± 2.13
>100
>100
>100
R. glutinosa
>100
>100
>100
>100
R. nasutus
65.81 ± 3.28
48.28 ± 3.13
>100
>100
S. chinensis.
>100
>100
>100
>100
S. indicum
>100
>100
>100
>100
T. indica
14.76 ± 2.73
>100
>100
92.57 ± 0.94
V. vinifera
>100
>100
>100
>100
TTW
>100
>100
>100
47.12 ± 3.14
TTE
52.33 ± 2.05
>100
>100
>100
TTE = ethanolic extract of the Thai traditional cancer remedy; TTW = aqueous extract of the Thai traditional cancer remedy.
