GC-MS Evaluation, Antioxidant Content, and Cytotoxic Activity of Propolis Extract from Peninsular Malaysian Stingless Bees, Tetrigona Apicalis

Table 1

Phytochemical compounds identified in T. apicalis propolis extract using GC-MS.

Peak	Compound	RT	MF	MW (g/mol)	Quality (%)
1	Undecane	5.602	C11H24	156.18	95
2	Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-(1-methylethylidene)-	7.596	C15H24	204.35	90
3	alpha-Cubebene	7.68	C15H24	204.35	89
4	Copaene	7.895	C15H24	204.35	98
5	Cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2, 4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1.alpha., 2.beta., 4.beta.)]-	7.979	C15H24	204.35	98
6	3H-3a,7-Methanoazulene, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-1, 4, 9, 9-tetramethyl-	8.111	C15H24	204.35	93
7	1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene, 1a, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7b-octahydro-1, 1, 4, 7-tetramethyl-	8.145	C15H24	204.35	93
8	Caryophyllene	8.229	C15H24	204.35	99
9	alpha-Caryophyllene	8.451	C15H24	204.35	96
10	Naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-	8.562	C15H24	204.35	98
11	1, 6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-	8.625	C15H24	204.35	96
12	Bicyclogermacrene	8.722	C15H24	204.35	94
13	1, 3-Benzodioxole, 4-methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-	8.806	C11H12O3	192.21	95
14	Naphthalene, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-	8.84	C15H24	204.35	98
15	Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1-methylene-7-(1-methylethenyl)-	9.09	C15H24	204.35	98
16	Tricyclo[6.3.0.0(2, 4)]undec-8-ene, 3, 3, 7, 11-tetramethyl-	9.188	C15H24	204.35	87
17	1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1, 1, 7-trimethyl-4-methylene-	9.236	C15H24O	220.35	99
18	Caryophyllene oxide	9.292	C15H24O	220.35	93
19	Cyclohexane, 1, 2-dimethyl-3, 5-bis(1-methylethenyl)-	9.375	C14H24	192.34	81
20	12-Oxabicyclo[9.1.0] dodeca-3,7-diene, 1, 5, 5, 8-tetramethyl	9.445	C15H24O	220.35	86
21	1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-	9.577	C15H24O	220.35	80
22	alpha-Cadinol	9.667	15H	222.37	93
23	Aristolene epoxide	10.98	C15H24O	220.35	83
24	1-Cyclohexene-1-butanal,.alpha.,2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-	11.571	C14H24O	208.34	90
25	1-Cyclohexene-1-butanal,.alpha.,2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-	11.634	C14H24O	208.34	93
26	4, 4, 6a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 14b-Octamethyl-1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 6a, 6b, 7, 8, 8a, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12a, 14, 14a, 14b-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3-one	25.003	C30H48O	424.7	93
27	beta-Amyrin	25.621	C30H50O	426.7	96
28	alpha-Amyrin	26.886	C30H50O	426.7	93

Note: RT, retention time; MF, molecular formula; MW, molecular weight.