Research Article
A Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Fulvic Acid
Table 4
The effects of FA on serum biochemical parameters of rats in the 60-day subchronic toxicity assay.
| | Parameters | Gender | 0.5% CMC-Na | 200 mg/kg BW | 1,000 mg/kg BW | 5,000 mg/kg BW |
| | 30th day | | ALT (U/L) | F | 44.89 ± 3.74 | 43.89 ± 3.34 | 48.84 ± 4.45 | 47.20 ± 6.88 | | M | 46.02 ± 5.78 | 46.03 ± 4.97 | 48.804.09 | 48.78 ± 6.74 | | AST (U/L) | F | 178.34 ± 14.14 | 177.59 ± 3.49 | 169.26 ± 8.88 | 195.74 ± 21.70 | | M | 200.46 ± 27.01 | 186.33 ± 7.11 | 194.14 ± 41.96 | 21799 ± 30.3 | | BUN (mmol/L) | F | 8.50 ± 0.83 | 8.47 ± 0.48 | 8.34 ± 0.36 | 8.49 ± 0.58 | | M | 8.48 ± 0.53 | 8.76 ± 0.33 | 8.62 ± 0.60 | 8.54 ± 0.35 | | Cr (umoL/L) | F | 53.27 ± 7.11 | 53.60 ± 1.83 | 53.24 ± 2.26 | 54.92 ± 5.82 | | M | 44.84 ± 5.06 | 46.29 ± 3.92 | 45.86 ± 5.05 | 43.43 ± 3.19 | | Glu (mmol/L) | F | 6.75 ± 0.77 | 6.80 ± 0.47 | 6.71 ± 0.38 | 6.16 ± 0.64 | | M | 6.6 ± 0.42 | 6.80 ± 0.43 | 6.70 ± 0.56 | 6.87 ± 0.77 | | Alb (mmol/L) | F | 44.54 ± 1.58 | 44.16 ± 0.67 | 43.52 ± 2.77 | 43.91 ± 3.33 | | M | 42 ± 2.69 | 43.22 ± 2.05 | 37.82 ± 4.91 | 40.36 ± 1.93 | | TP (G/L) | F | 81.03 ± 1.14 | 79.74 ± 1.75 | 79.48 ± 2.06 | 77.40 ± 3.92 | | M | 76.36 ± 4.38 | 73.1 ± 3.8 | 76.23 ± 6.22 | 74.48 ± 3.41 | | TCH (mmol/L) | F | 3.18 ± 0.24 | 3.12 ± 0.15 | 3.19 ± 0.12 | 2.00 ± 0.65 | | M | 2.4 ± 0.39 | 2.53 ± 0.33 | 2.36 ± 0.61 | 2.45 ± 0.23 |
| | 60th day | | ALT (U/L) | F | 46.70 ± 5.12 | 53.60 ± 5.04 | 50.86 ± 3.35 | 50.20 ± 2.39 | | M | 45.40 ± 8.09 | 48.09 ± 5.49 | 50.00 ± 5.00 | 48.20 ± 3.03 | | AST (U/L) | F | 205.48 ± 24.80 | 195.50 ± 32.31 | 177.59 ± 3.49 | 175.02 ± 14.14 | | M | 203.59 ± 17.76 | 186.48 ± 28.52 | 177.50 ± 10.64 | 185.42 ± 27.17 | | BUN (mmol/L) | F | 8.22 ± 0.78 | 8.58 ± 0.32 | 8.47 ± 0.48 | 8.70 ± 0.66 | | M | 8.62 ± 0.72 | 8.96 ± 0.53 | 8.98 ± 0.29 | 8.90 ± 0.33 | | Cr (umoL/L) | F | 49.52 ± 5.07 | 50.54 ± 12.05 | 53.10 ± 1.83 | 44.84 ± 5.06 | | M | 46.76 ± 3.97 | 47.02 ± 3.90 | 46.32 ± 3.91 | 46.32 ± 3.91 | | Glu (mmol/L) | F | 6.76 ± 0.31 | 7.15 ± 0.82 | 7.03 ± 0.47 | 7.10 ± 0.51 | | M | 7.04 ± 0.30 | 7.10 ± 0.98 | 6.80 ± 0.43 | 6.90 ± 0.46 | | Alb (mmol/L) | F | 40.86 ± 5.07 | 37.82 ± 4.91 | 3.46 ± 0.67 | 38.78 ± 2.13 | | M | 43.21 ± 3.95 | 42.03 ± 4.47 | 40.98 ± 2.05 | 41.98 ± 2.05 | | TP (G/L) | F | 75.24 ± 4.91 | 74.78 ± 7.42 | 76.54 ± 2.87 | 77.98 ± 2.76 | | M | 74.86 ± 7.74 | 72.87 ± 2.94 | 71.38 ± 2.10 | 73.78 ± 5.49 | | TCH (mmol/L) | F | 2.65 ± 0.53 | 3.08 ± 0.26 | 3.19 ± 0.15 | 3.30 ± 0.39 | | M | 2.45 ± 0.23 | 2.76 ± 0.47 | 2.60 ± 0.38 | 2.72 ± 0.31 |
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No statistically significant differences were found. CMC-Na, carboxyl methyl cellulose-sodium; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; Glu, glucose; Alb, total albumin; TP, total protein; TCH, total cholesterol. F, female; M, male.
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