Quality Indicators of Pharmaceutical Care for Integrative Healthcare: A Scoping Review of Indicators Developed Using the Delphi Technique

Table 2

Activities and services that could be used as quality indicators of pharmaceutical services relevant to medications and CAM in integrative medicine.

No.	Activities or services
1	Taking best possible therapy history including both medications and CAM
2	Performing best possible patient therapy review including both medications and CAM
3	Performing therapy reconciliation at admission including both medications and CAM
4	Performing therapy reconciliation at transition of care including both medications and CAM
5	Performing therapy reconciliation at discharge including both medications and CAM
6	Identifying or resolving discrepancies or problems related to therapy including both medications and CAM
7	Providing collaborative, direct, or comprehensive patient care using medications and CAM
8	Developing therapeutic care plans including both medications and CAM
9	Participating in interprofessional discussions with regard to both medications and CAM
10	Making suggestions to other healthcare professionals with regard to both medications and CAM
11	Attending interprofessional meetings
12	Conducting patient education sessions with regard to both medications and CAM
13	Answering formal inquiries of other healthcare professionals concerning both medications and CAM
14	Reviewing therapy orders including both medications and CAM
15	Ordering, following up, or reviewing therapy monitoring orders including both medications and CAM
16	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy contraindications with regard to both medications and CAM
17	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy allergies with regard to both medications and CAM
18	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy interactions with regard to both medications and CAM
19	Identifying or resolving problems related to food interactions with regard to both medications and CAM
20	Identifying or resolving problems related to inappropriate doses in patients with renal problems with regard to both medications and CAM
21	Identifying or resolving problems related to inappropriate doses in patients with hepatic problems with regard to both medications and CAM
22	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy underdoses with regard to both medications and CAM
23	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy overdoses with regard to both medications and CAM
24	Titrating doses of medications and CAM to produce desirable therapeutic effect
25	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy adverse reactions with regard to both medications and CAM
26	Identifying or resolving problems related to therapy duplication with regard to both medications and CAM
27	Identifying or resolving problems related to ineffective therapy with regard to both medications and CAM
28	Identifying or resolving problems related to ambiguous orders including both medications and CAM
29	Identifying or resolving problems related to misspelled medications and CAM
30	Identifying or resolving problems related to illegibly written orders including both medications and CAM
31	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing orders including both medications and CAM
32	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing doses including both medications and CAM
33	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing frequencies of administration with regard to both medications and CAM
34	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing routes of administration with regard to both medications and CAM
35	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing duration of therapy with regard to both medications and CAM
36	Identifying or resolving problems related to missing recommendations to take medications and CAM in relation to meals
37	Identifying or resolving problems related to high alert medications or highly toxic CAM
38	Documenting assessments of response to therapeutic plan involving medications and CAM
39	Minimal number of complaints received
40	Minimal number of errors committed
41	Higher number of continuing education sessions attended
42	Higher number of continuing education sessions delivered

CAM: complementary and alternative medicine.