Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

M1 Polarization but Anti-LPS-Induced Inflammation and Anti-MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth Effects of Five Selected Polysaccharides

Table 1

Effect of treatments with five different polysaccharides on M1 and M2 cytokine secretions by peritoneal macrophages from female BALB/c mice^a,b,c.


Cytokine^d (pg/ml)	Conc (μg/ml)	GSPS^f	CBPS^f	BBPS^f	RFLPS^f	YFLPS^f

IL-1β	0	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	1.6	ND	4.2 ± 3.6^C	3.3 ± 2.8^C	1.41 ± 1.26^E	ND
	8	ND	5.5 ± 4.0^C	3.6 ± 3.0^C	16.7 ± 16.3^D	1.8 ± 1.6^CD
	40	57.4 ± 40.8^C	6.6 ± 5.1^C	5.4 ± 2.7^C	34.7 ± 11.3^C	7.2 ± 3.7^C
	200	294 ± 44.1^A	17.5 ± 12.5^B	14.9 ± 6.7^B	52.6 ± 7.4^B	26.6 ± 5.7^B
	LPS^e	108 ± 19.3^B	108 ± 19.3^B	108 ± 19.3^B	67.8 ± 12.3^A	67.8 ± 12.3^A

IL-6	0	552 ± 217^D	552 ± 217^D	552 ± 217^D	646 ± 346^C	646 ± 346^C
	1.6	931 ± 615^D	1036 ± 750^BC	1035 ± 795^C	655 ± 380^C	671 ± 336^C
	8	981 ± 516 ^D	1097 ± 760^BC	1027 ± 766^C	1350 ± 975^C	743 ± 426^C
	40	1994 ± 209^C	1202 ± 613^B	1077 ± 755^C	1194 ± 649^C	825 ± 354^C
	200	2608 ± 185^B	1573 ± 299^B	1806 ± 318^B	3019 ± 659^B	1768 ± 398^B
	LPS^e	5332 ± 644^A	5332 ± 644^A	5332 ± 644^A	5471 ± 1018^A	5471 ± 1018^A

TNF-α	0	81 ± 49^D	81 ± 49^D	81 ± 49^D	58 ± 39^D	58 ± 39^D
	1.6	171 ± 112^C	176 ± 101^C	160 ± 113^CD	98 ± 38^D	90 ± 31^C
	8	209 ± 83^C	182 ± 106^C	148 ± 93^CD	196 ± 99^C	114 ± 43^C
	40	378 ± 95^B	216 ± 60^C	176 ± 84^C	237 ± 99^C	141 ± 60^C
	200	583 ± 60^A	365 ± 78^B	266 ± 21^B	383 ± 112^B	247 ± 73^B
	LPS^e	624 ± 91^A	624 ± 91^A	624 ± 91^A	496 ± 146^A	496 ± 146^A

IL-10	0	131 ± 38^C	131 ± 38^C	131 ± 38^C	118 ± 14^C	118 ± 14^C
	1.6	166 ± 82^C	213 ± 87^BC	200 ± 83^CD	109 ± 30^C	131 ± 51^C
	8	175 ± 75^C	224 ± 83^B	215 ± 81^CD	149 ± 63^C	120 ± 26^C
	40	203 ± 82^C	228 ± 81^B	264 ± 81^C	151 ± 48^C	127 ± 18^C
	200	315 ± 120^B	190 ± 62^BC	365 ± 86^B	237 ± 20^B	181 ± 18^B
	LPS^e	812 ± 128^A	812 ± 128^A	812 ± 128^A	656 ± 83^A	656 ± 83^A

^aValues are means ± SD (n = 8 biological determinations). ^bValues within same column in the same cytokine item not sharing a common capital superscript letter are significantly different () from each other analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. ^cEach cell population (1 × 10⁶ cells/ml medium) was, respectively, treated with the polysaccharides at the indicated concentrations for 48 h. ^dThe limit of detection of cytokine ELISA kits used in this study was <15.6 pg/ml. ^eThe lipopolysaccharide (LPS at 2.5 μg/ml) was selected as a positive control. ^fGSPS, guava seed polysaccharides; CBPS, common buckwheat polysaccharides; BBPS, bitter buckwheat polysaccharides; RFLPS, red Formosa lambsquarters polysaccharides; YFLPS, yellow Formosa lambsquarters polysaccharides; ND, not detectable.