M1 Polarization but Anti-LPS-Induced Inflammation and Anti-MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth Effects of Five Selected Polysaccharides

Table 2

Effect of treatments with five different polysaccharides on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretions by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from female BALB/c mice^a,b,c.

Cytokine^d (pg/ml)	Conc (μg/ml)	GSPS^f	CBPS^f	BBPS^f	RFLPS^f	YFLPS^f
IL-1β	VC^e	2.85 ± 2.44^D	2.85 ± 2.44^B	2.85 ± 2.44^B	2.85 ± 2.44^D	2.85 ± 2.44^B
	0	58 ± 12.3^C	58 ± 12.3^A	58 ± 12.3^A	58 ± 12.3^C	58 ± 12.3^A
	1.6	54.5 ± 10.7^C	63.9 ± 11.8^A	59.8 ± 11.0^A	64.0 ± 8.8^BC	60.9 ± 17.1^A
	8	57.3 ± 12.8^C	61.0 ± 11.0^A	54.9 ± 11.1^A	64.6 ± 19.2^BC	65.5 ± 173^A
	40	135 ± 31.4^B	61.5 ± 13.2^A	53.6 ± 10.9^A	91.8 ± 18.5^A	77.6 ± 22.7^A
	200	293 ± 66.8^A	64.0 ± 12.5^A	61.8 ± 11.6^A	80.1 ± 22.4^AB	75.9 ± 22.7^A
IL-6	VC^e	441 ± 261^C	441 ± 261^B	441 ± 261^C	441 ± 261^B	441 ± 261^B
	0	5496 ± 1027^A	5496 ± 1027^A	5496 ± 1027^B	5496 ± 1027^A	5496 ± 1027^A
	1.6	5094 ± 1137^AB	4858 ± 1104^A	7531 ± 1372^A	5645 ± 1473^A	6784 ± 1175^A
	8	4947 ± 982^AB	5304 ± 1177^A	7032 ± 1635^A	5834 ± 1615^A	6058 ± 1326^A
	40	4724 ± 999^AB	5632 ± 1578^A	7769 ± 665^A	6762 ± 1500^A	5738 ± 1658^A
	200	4236 ± 713^B	6142 ± 703^A	8402 ± 1456^A	5836 ± 993^A	5692 ± 1465^A
TNF-α	VC^e	51 ± 20^C	51 ± 20^C	51 ± 20^B	51 ± 20^B	51 ± 20^B
	0	577 ± 133^A	577 ± 133^AB	577 ± 133^A	577 ± 133^A	577 ± 133^A
	1.6	569 ± 158^AB	669 ± 200^A	481 ± 243^A	808 ± 427^A	739 ± 337^A
	8	488 ± 118^AB	557 ± 154^AB	433 ± 194^A	721 ± 353^A	589 ± 185^A
	40	495 ± 111^AB	380 ± 282^B	402 ± 170^A	603 ± 171^A	568 ± 239^A
	200	429 ± 132^B	460 ± 161^B	511 ± 189^A	589 ± 321^A	702 ± 397^A
IL-10	VC^e	171 ± 104^C	171 ± 104^C	171 ± 104^D	171 ± 104^D	171 ± 104^D
	0	536 ± 160^B	536 ± 160^B	536 ± 160^C	536 ± 160^C	536 ± 160^C
	1.6	645 ± 193^B	662 ± 154^AB	573 ± 143^C	599 ± 112^BC	631 ± 164^BC
	8	630 ± 174^B	685 ± 163^AB	611 ± 137^C	656 ± 172^BC	643 ± 168^C
	40	675 ± 218^B	704 ± 156^AB	799 ± 128^B	728 ± 188^B	823 ± 195^B
	200	890 ± 232^A	753 ± 179^A	1321 ± 174^A	1041 ± 211^A	1127 ± 279^A

^aValues are means ± SD (n = 8 biological determinations). ^bValues within same column in the same cytokine item not sharing a common capital superscript letter are significantly different () from each other assayed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. ^cEach cell population (1 × 10⁶ cells/ml medium) was, respectively, treated with the polysaccharides at the indicated concentrations in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (2.5 μg/ml) for 48 h. ^dThe limit of detection of cytokine ELISA kits used in this study was <15.6 pg/ml. ^eVC, vehicle control (cells alone). ^fGSPS, guava seed polysaccharides; CBPS, common buckwheat polysaccharides; BBPS, bitter buckwheat polysaccharides; RFLPS, red Formosa lambsquarters polysaccharides; YFLPS, yellow Formosa lambsquarters polysaccharides.