Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product
Table 2
Safety profile of Heptonica on vital signs, renal function, and quantitative urine parameters.
Parameter
Day 0
Day 28
value
Vital signs (n, 50)
Temperature† (°C)
36.10 ± 0.65
36.00 ± 0.5
0.438
Weight (kg)
60.50 (12.25)
61.00 ± 11.25
0.679
Systolic BP† (mmHg)
110.0 ± 25.50
110.0 ± 20.00
0.149
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
70.00 (10.00)
70.00 ± 0.00
0.050
Renal function (n, 50)
Sodium† (mmol/l)
137.7 ± 6.3
136.6 ± 8.3
0.248
Potassium (mmol/l)
3.9 (0.4)
4.1 ± 0.6
0.478
Chloride (μmol/l)
104.0 (3.2)
106.1 ± 3.9
0.001
Urea (mmol/l)
5.4 (1.8)
5.45 ± 2.1
0.829
Creatinine (μmol/l)
79.4 (18.5)
81.5 ± 21.0
0.613
BUN (mg/dl)
15.7 (6.4)
15.2 ± 4.3
0.607
Urine (n, 50)
pH
6.48 ± 0.13
6.82 ± 0.14
0.049
Specific gravity†
1.02 ± <0.001
1.02 ± <0.001
0.414
Pus cell
2.84 (0.53)
1.86 ± 0.18
0.050
RBC
0.12 (0.08)
0.1 ± 0.08
0.688
Epithelial cells
2.76 (0.28)
2.74 ± 0.24
0.363
Data are presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)) (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test); “†” indicates that data were parametric and were compared using paired t-test. ≤ 0.05 was considered significant when compared to baseline.
