Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product
Table 6
Heptonica on types of liver diseases.
Liver parameters
Day 0
Day 28
value
General participants (n, 50)
AST (U/l)
40.5 (46.5)
27.8 (19.4)
<0.0001
ALT (U/l)
44.0 (45.6)
25.8 (65)
<0.0001
GGT (U/l)
58.6 (119.5)
40.1 (101.6)
0.0013
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
25.9 (38.2)
15.2 (17.6)
0.0136
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
7.6 (13.5)
3.8 (2.9)
<0.0001
Total proteins† (g/dl)
70.8 ± 10.5
74.8 ± 9.3
0.0409
Albumin† (g/dl)
42.0 ± 7.3
42.0 ± 6.0
0.3432
ALP (U/l)
176.9 (175.6)
171.4 (153.5)
0.0284
Cholestatic (n, 45)
AST (U/l)
41.00 (47.15)
28.00 (19.25)
0.0004
ALT (U/l)
43.00 (47.10)
25.00 (27.90)
0.0004
GGT (U/l)
47.30 (106.30)
37.00 (51.05)
0.0084
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
27.80 (48.30)
16.40 (19.90)
0.0101
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
8.00 (12.70)
3.70 (3.00)
<0.0001
Total proteins† (g/dl)
70.80 ± 12.00
75.00 ± 9.50
0.0928
Albumin† (g/dl)
42.00 ± 7.00
41.00 ± 5.40
0.3027
ALP (U/l)
192.40 (161.90)
176.20 (142.70)
0.0322
Hepatocellular-cholestatic (n, 5)
AST (U/l)
49.02 (13.80)
30.98 (8.75)
0.0625
ALT (U/l)
46.36 (5.81)
31.56 (6.50)
0.0625
GGT (U/l)
213.30 (42.84)
161.70 (49.99)
0.0625
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
11.04 (3.80)
11.02 (0.56)
0.8125
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
6.56 (2.29)
4.82 (0.94)
0.8125
Total proteins† (g/dl)
65.68 ± 5.35
74.00 ± 2.92
0.3125
Albumin† (g/dl)
43.24 ± 2.37
43.40 ± 1.29
>0.9999
ALP (U/l)
14.08 (1.40)
13.22 (1.30)
>0.9999
Data are presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)) (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test); “†” indicates that data were parametric and were compared using paired t-test. ≤ 0.05 was considered significant when compared to baseline. AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.
