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| Chinese herbs | Active ingredients | Mechanism |
|
| Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyao) | Dioscin | Adjusts oxidative stress, fibrosis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation against renal damage [20, 21]. |
| Spreading Hedyotis Herb (Baihuasheshecao) | Water extract | Suppresses the productions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as promoting the production of IL-10 in serum and renal tissue [22]. |
| Root of Snow of June (Baimagu) | | Improves the ability to remove antigens, restore the glomerular basement membrane, and increase the renal blood flow [23]. |
| Radix Astragali (Huangqi) | Astragaloside IV | Immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory [24, 25]. |
| Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu) | Polysaccharide | Decreases the productions of IL-6 and TNF-α, increase the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and improve the renal tissue injury [26]. |
| Poria (Fulin) | Lanostane triterpenoids | Inhibits JNK, ERK, p38, and caspase-3 against cisplatin-induced kidney tubular epithelial cells injury [27]. |
| Fructus Corni (Shanzhuyu) | Ethanol extract | Increases catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities in the kidneys of diabetic rats as well as enhancing renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) expression in diabetic rats [28]. |
| Radix Pseudostellariae (Taizishen) | Polysaccharide | Decreases serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine, increase serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and reduce renal histopathology change [29]. |
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