Mindful Exercise (Baduanjin) as an Adjuvant Treatment for Older Adults (60 Years Old and Over) of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Comparison of postural stability and WOMAC function between the BD and control groups over time.
Variable
BD
CG
MD
value (95% CI)
Time effect
Group × time effect
F
η 2
OP perimeter (mm)
0.176
0.180
1.756
0.031
Baseline
379.86 ± 272.80
364.32 ± 190.45
15.54
0.806 (−110.52∼141.59)
Week 8
367.07 ± 199.36
381.50 ± 196.21
−14.43
0.786 (−120.14∼91.55)
Week 12
252.64 ± 129.22
346.71 ± 393.78
−94.07
0.235 (251.10∼62.96)
OP ellipse area (mm2)
0.001
0.001
19.730
0.268
Baseline
799.96 ± 334.53
860.07 ± 223.79
−60.11
0.433 (−212.60∼92.39)
Week 8
704.46 ± 295.06
774.36 ± 134.91
−69.90
0.259 (−192.82∼53.03)
Week 12
391.93 ± 260.39
627.57 ± 358.06
−235.64
0.007 (−403.39∼−67.90)
CP perimeter (mm)
0.003
0.005
5.993
Baseline
532.39 ± 2252.33
509.36 ± 192.20
23.03
0.702 (−97.14∼143.22)
Week 8
553.50 ± 201.31
508.86 ± 243.19
44.64
0.458 (−74.97∼164.26)
Week 12
450.14 ± 215.22
346.71 ± 393.78
103.43
0.564 (−76.71∼139.28)
CP ellipse area (mm2)
0.001
0.001
17.879
0.249
Baseline
1248.11 ± 389.57
1147.29 ± 555.52
100.82
0.435 (−156.25∼357.90)
Week 8
1057.43 ± 384.26
1026.14 ± 322.56
31.29
0.743 (−158.80∼221.37)
Week 12
694.61 ± 305.31
820.93 ± 419.04
−126.32
0.203 (−322.76∼70.12)
WOMAC
0.001
0.001
15.922
0.228
Baseline
30.57 ± 11.88
28.21 ± 11.18
2.36
0.448 (−3.82∼8.54)
Week 8
19.39 ± 9.60
28.39 ± 11.57
−9.00
0.003(−14.70∼−3.30)
Week 12
15.32 ± 6.56
28.29 ± 7.96
−12.97
0.001 (−16.87∼−9.06)
Pain
0.009
0.015
4.957
0.084
Baseline
6.21 ± 2.67
7.36 ± 8.89
−1.15
0.517 (−4.66∼2.37)
Week 8
3.04 ± 1.53
6.21 ± 2.41
−3.17
0.001 (−4.26∼−2.10)
Week 12
3.79 ± 5.83
4.64 ± 1.91
−0.85
0.463 (−3.18∼1.47)
Stiffness
0.531
0.399
0.927
0.017
Baseline
4.04 ± 2.05
4.25 ± 1.38
−0.21
0.648 (−1.15∼0.72)
Week 8
2.36 ± 1.64
6.79 ± 2.56
−4.43
0.001 (−5.58∼−3.28)
Week 12
2.46 ± 1.58
6.29 ± 2.11
−3.83
0.001 (−4.82∼−2.83)
Physical function
0.001
0.001
14.302
0.209
Baseline
20.36 ± 10.52
18.25 ± 8.04
2.11
0.409 (−2.98∼7.19)
Week 8
14.43 ± 9.10
15.68 ± 9.09
−1.25
0.609 (−6.122∼3.622)
Week 12
9.96 ± 5.95
16.00 ± 6.54
−6.04
0.001 (−9.38∼−2.69)
OP, open-eyes; CP, closed-eyes; BD, Baduanjin group; CG, control group; WOMAC, the Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; MD, mean change. Significant effect ().
