Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

The Use of Essential Oils and Their Isolated Compounds for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Literature Review

Table 4

In vitro antifungal activity of essential oils against non-albicans Candida strains.
Plant speciesSourceMicroorg.C. dubliniensis1C. glabrata2C. krusei3C. parapsilosis4C. tropicalis5Ref.
MIC50% (μg/mL)Score MICMIC50% (μg/mL)Score MICMIC50% (μg/mL)Score MICMIC50% (μg/mL)Score MICMIC50% (μg/mL)Score MIC
Ageratum conyzoides LLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++
Allium tuberosum Rottl. Ex SprengCommercial sourceCBS 6044<2001−nt−nt−15++++nt−[19]
CBS 79871Nt−nt−nt−nt−nt−
Clinical strain3nt−nt−<2001−nt−nt−
Clinical strain4nt−nt−nt−15−nt−
Clinical strain1<2001−nt−nt−nt−nt−
Anethum graveolensSeedsClinical strain2,3,4nt−>2001−>2001−>2001−Nt−[20]
Artemisia absinthum LLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Artemisia camphorata LLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++
Bidens sulphureaLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Chenopodium ambrosioides LLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Cinnamomum zeylanicumCommercial sourceATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−625++[25]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−625++
Cinnamomum zeylanicum BlumeCommercial sourceATCC 400425nt−nt−nt−nt−312.5+++[14]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−312.5+++
ATCC 401473nt−nt−312.5+++nt−nt−
Clinical strain3nt−nt−312.5+++nt−nt−
Cinnamomum zeylanicum BlumeCommercial sourceATCC 34133nt−nt−1000++nt−nt−[26]
CBS 945nt−nt−nt−nt−25+++
ATCC 7505nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++
—nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++
—nt−nt−nt−nt−625++++
Citrus reticulata BlancoLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Coreopsis lanceolata L.LeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++
Coriandrum sativumCommercial sourceCBS 5733nt−nt−15++++nt−nt−[19]
CBS 6044nt−nt−nt−125+++nt−
CBS 798717++++nt−nt−nt−nt−
CBS 945nt−nt−nt−nt−125+++
Clinical strain3nt−nt−7++++nt−nt−
Clinical strain4nt−nt−nt−7++++nt−
Clinical strain17++++nt−nt−nt−nt−
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−63++++
Coriandrum sativum L.LeavesCBS 945nt−nt−nt−nt−312++++[27]
CBS 5733nt−nt−156++++nt−nt−
CBS 7987131.2++++nt−nt−nt−nt−
Cuminum cyminumSeedsClinical strain2,3,4nt−>2001−>2001−>2001−Nt−[20]
Foeniculum vulgareLeavesClinical strain2,3,4nt−>2001−>2001−>2001−Nt−[20]
Laurus nobilis L.Commercial sourceATCC 7505nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++[28]
ATCC 34133nt−nt−500+++nt−nt−
CBS 945nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
CBS 5733nt−nt−500+++nt−nt−
—nt−500+++nt−nt−nt−
Lavandula officinalis L.LeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Melaleuca alternifóliaCommercial sourceATCC 401473nt−nt−>2001−nt−nt−[29]
ATCC 400425nt−nt−nt−nt−562.5++
ATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−>2001−
Ocimum gratissimum LLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Ocotea odoriferaCommercial sourceATCC-138035nt−nt−nt−nt−<2000−[24]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−<2000−
Pelargonium graveolens L’H’erLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−125+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−125+++
Pimpinella anisumSeedsClinical strainnt−>2001−>2001−>2001−——[20]
Plectranthus neochilus SchlLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−1000++
Rosmarinus officinalisCommercial sourceATCC 401473nt−nt−1125++nt−nt−[29]
ATCC 400425nt−nt−nt−nt−562.5++
ATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−1125+
Rosmarinus officinalis L.Commercial sourceATCC-138035nt−nt−nt−nt−<2001−[24]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−<2001−
Santolina chamaecyparis susCommercial sourceCBS 5733nt−nt−500+++nt−nt−[19]
CBS 6044nt−nt−nt−>2001−nt−
CBS 7987163++++nt−nt−nt−nt−
CBS 945nt−nt−nt−nt−>2001−
Clinical strain3500+++nt−nt−nt−nt−
Clinical strain4nt−nt−nt−500+++nt−
Clinical strain1nt−nt−nt−nt−nt−
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−>2001−
Syzigium aromaticumLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Tagetes erecta L.LeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−500+++
Tetradenia Riparia (Hochst.) CoddLeavesATCC 138035nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++[33]
Clinical strain5nt−nt−nt−nt−250+++
nt (not tested); comparative MIC values (μg/mL): (++++) <100; (+++) 100 to 500; (++) 501 to 1000; (+) >1001 to 2000; (−) >2001. Strain of C. dubliniensis = C. dubliniensis; strain of C. glabrata = C. glabrata2; strain of C. krusei = C. krusei3; strain of C. parapsilosis = C. parapsilosis4; strain of C. tropicalis = C. tropicalis5.