Effects of Nasturtium officinale Extract on Antioxidant and Biochemical Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Table 4

Comparison of changes in the antioxidant markers during the study period between the placebo and EENO groups.

Variable		Baseline	After 4 weeks	value	Net differences of groups	value
TAC (mM)	Control	0.72 ± 0.25	0.63 ± 0.3		−0.09 ± 0.24
	Intervention	0.7 ± 0.25	0.7 ± 0.3		0.009 ± 0.29
TOS (µM)	Control	9.5 ± 2.3	5.9 ± 2.3		−3.6 ± 3.3
	Intervention	11.3 ± 3.3	6.9 ± 2.4		−4.4 ± 4.2
GPX (U/mL)	Control	223 ± 115	252.9 ± 107.8		29.9 ± 7.8
	Intervention	164.2 ± 103.6	173.3 ± 134.4		9.1 ± 134.8
T-SH (mmol/L)	Control	10.1 ± 4.1	5.6 ± 3.2		−4.5 ± 5.5
	Intervention	13.1 ± 5.3	7.4 ± 4.3		−5.6 ± 5.5
MDA (mmol/L)	Control	1.5 ± 0.14	0.67 ± 0.22		−0.86 ± 0.26
	Intervention	1.6 ± 0.13	0.42 ± 0.27		−1.1 ± 0.28
SOD (U/mL)	Control	28.3 ± 8.1	33.8 ± 5.7		5.5 ± 4.9
	Intervention	29.3 ± 6.3	37.1 ± 8.4		7.8 ± 10

TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TOS, total oxidant status; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; T-SH, sulfhydryl protein; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase and .