Herbal Medicines Targeting the Improved β-Cell Functions and β-Cell Regeneration for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Investigations on experimental drugs derived from plant sources for their ability to improve β-cell regeneration.

Experimental drug	Experimental system	Dose	β-Cell regeneration mechanism	Reference
Harmine	C57B6 mice with partial pancreatectomy and human islet transplantation	10 mg/kg	β-Cell proliferation	[14]
	Rat insulinoma (Ins1 823/13) and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines	1–15 μM	β-Cell proliferation
γ-Aminobutyric acid	Wild-type transgenic mice induced with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)	250 μg/kg	β-Cell regeneration via differentiation of α-cells to β-cells	[16]
Artemether	Mouse β-cell line (Min6) induced with doxycycline (1 μg/mL) for overexpression of ARX transcription factor	10 μM	ARX repression thereby increase β-cell turnover and conversion of α-cells to β-cells	[17]
	Zebrafish larvae induced with dimerizer AP20187 (2 μM)	5 μM	β-Cell proliferation and conversion of α-cells to β-cells
	Sprague–Dawley rats induced with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)	20–200 mg/kg	β-Cell proliferation and conversion of α-cells to β-cells