Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Alone and in Combination with Proprietary Chromium Complex on Endothelial Function in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Study

Table 4

Effect of treatment on lipid profile at 12 weeks.

Parameter (normal range) (mg/dl)

ω-3FA 2000 mg; (A); (n = 18)

ω-3FA 2000 mg + PCC 10 mg; (B); (n = 19)

ω-3FA 2000 mg + PCC 20 mg; (C); (n = 21)

Baseline

12 weeks

Mean change (%)

value baseline to 12 weeks

Baseline

12 weeks

Mean change (%)

value baseline to 12 weeks

Baseline

12 weeks

Mean change (%)

value baseline to 12 weeks

Total cholesterol (130200)

185.83 ± 16.11

185.44 ± 15.26

−0.12

ns

182.32 ± 13.91

176.05 ± 14.90

−3.48

197.33 ± 25.62

188.33 ± 22.93

−6.94

HDL-C (>40)

41.00 ± 5.47

42.17 ± 6.53

1.43%

39.26 ± 4.48

41.21 ± 4.67

4.98

42.57 ± 5.77

46.52 ± 5.62

9.55

LDL-C (≤130)

102.22 ± 16.38

101.61 ± 14.59

−0.11

ns

95.63 ± 8.80

90.79 ± 9.48

−5.12

115.67 ± 23.71

102.71 ± 21.51

−10.98

VLDL-C (≤30)

42.61 ± 9.17

41.67 ± 9.35

−2.28

47.42 ± 7.71

44.05 ± 7.81

−7.30

39.10 ± 6.12

34.10 ± 6.40

−13.15

Triglycerides (≤150)

213.00 ± 46.11

208.17 ± 46.82

−2.33

236.95 ± 3 9.05

220.95 ± 38.36

−6.87

195.81 ± 30.78

169.38 ± 32.33

−13.92

Values expressed as mean ± SD. Within groups from baseline to each week (paired t-test was done): TC: A–ns, B & C-; HDL-C: A-, B & C-; LDL-C–A – ns, B & C-; VLDL-C: A-, B & C-; TG: A-, B & C-. Between groups (ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test was done): TC: B vs A & C vs B - , C vs A-; HDL-C: B vs A – ns, C vs A & C vs B-; LDL-C: B vs A-, C vs A-, C vs B-; VLDL-C: B vs A-, B vs C & C vs A-, C vs B-; TG: B vs A-, C vs A & C vs B-.