Lycopene Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Testicular Injury by Inhibiting PROK2 Expression and Activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in a Varicocele Adult Rat

Table 1

Morphometric parameters in each group.

	NG		VG		VLG
	Testis	Epididymis	Testis	Epididymis	Testis	Epididymis
Weight (mg)	1.47 ± 0.20	1.17 ± 0.13	1.37 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.12	1.43 ± 0.17	1.12 ± 0.09
STD (μm)	215 ± 22	—	182 ± 18	—	201 ± 17	—
M (μm)	1.81 ± 0.61	—	3.50 ± 0.22	—	1.99 ± 0.72	—
P	4.37 ± 0.22	—	2.91 ± 0.32	—	4.35 ± 0.31	—
S	4.89 ± 0.93	—	3.56 ± 0.87	—	4.23 ± 0.39	—

NG: normal group, VG: varicocele group, VLG: varicocele treated by lycopene group, STD: seminiferous tubules diameter, M: peritubular membrane thickness of the seminiferous tubules, P: layers of germ cell, S: germ cell maturity. means  < 0.05 compared to VG. means  < 0.01 compared to NG.