Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR)

Figure 1

Schematic representation showing the major types of efflux pump families present in bacteria. Presented are resistance-nodulation family (RND) which is specific for Gram-negative bacteria; small multidrug resistance (SMR) locates in the inner membrane; major facilitator superfamily (MFS), multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE), and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily are located in the inner membrane. All efflux pumps regulate toxins and antibiotics transports in energy-dependent manner.