|
| Terpenoid natural TCM small molecules | Experimental model | Dose/concentration | Mechanism of action | Ref. |
|
| Andrographolide (AD) | H3255 NSCLC cells | AD (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 μM) for 24 h | Decreased in the na (+)-k (+)-ATPase activities; decreased VEGF and TGF-β1 level; | [16] |
| inhibited protein kinase C activities in H3255 cells. |
| Released lactate dehydrogenase. |
| Increased DNA fragmentation level. |
| Andrographolide (AD) | H3255 NSCLC cells | AD (1, 5, or 10 μM) for 24, 48, or 72 h | Inhibited proliferation of H3255 cell; decrease in MMP-9 expression and activity. | [17] |
| 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) | A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H23 NSCLC cells | 18β-GA (80, 160, or 320 μM) for 24 h | Decrease in cell proliferation induced by transfection with TxAS small-interfering RNA (siRNA); | [18] |
| Inhibited TxAS and its initiated ERK/CREB signaling. |
| Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) | A549 and NCI-H460 NSCLC cells | GA (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 or3.125 μmol/l) 24, 48, or 72 h | Arrested cell cycle in G0/G1.; | [19] |
| Inhibited (CKIs) (p18, p16, p27, and p21); |
| Inhibited cyclins (cyclin-D1, cyclin-D3, and cyclin-E); |
| Inhibited cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) (CDK4, CDK6, and CDK2). |
| Carnosic acid (CA) | IMR-90 (human fetal lung fibroblasts) and NCI-H460 NSCLC cells | CA (40, 80, 160, 240, or 320 μM) 24 h | Arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases. | [20] |
| 13 panaxadiol (PD) | HepG-2 (human hepatoma cells), A549 NSCLC cells, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells), or HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells) | PD (IC50 = 8.62 ± 0.23 μM) | Inhibited cellular proliferation. | [21] |
| Astragaloside IV | A549, HCC827, NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells | Astragaloside IV high doses (10, 20, and 40 ng/ml) and low doses (1, 2.5, and 5 ng/ml) | Inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of B7-H3. | [22] |
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