Tianxiangdan Improves Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Rats by Inhibiting Microvascular Inflammation via Nrf2 Activation

<div>TXD improved the arrangement of myocardial microvascular pathologic structures and increased MVD in CMD rats. (a) Representative histological images of HE-stained myocardial sections (×400). Arrows indicate microvessels. (b) Inflammatory cell count score of each treatment group. (c) Immunohistochemical staining of the myocardium with anti-CD34 antibody (×400). Vascular endothelial cells are stained as pale brown; arrows indicate microvessels. (d) Determination of MVD. <svg height="15.3614pt" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.833899pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5275 54.2341 15.3614" width="54.2341pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M457 455H370L403 612H360L326 455H218L252 612H210L175 455H77L68 394H161L132 257H31L20 196H117L77 19H120L159 196H268L230 19H272L311 196H402L412 257H325L355 394H447L457 455ZM313 394L283 257H175L204 394H313Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.432,-5.741)"><path d="M457 455H370L403 612H360L326 455H218L252 612H210L175 455H77L68 394H161L132 257H31L20 196H117L77 19H120L159 196H268L230 19H272L311 196H402L412 257H325L355 394H447L457 455ZM313 394L283 257H175L204 394H313Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.395,.966)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 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124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.821,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,43.785,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.025,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g></svg> vs. CMD group. HE, hematoxylin-eosin; MVD, microvascular density; TXD, tianxiangdan granules; TXD-L, low-dose TXD; TXD-M, mid-dose TXD; TXD-H, high-dose TXD; CMD, coronary microvascular dysfunction; NCR, nicorandil.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: Tianxiangdan Improves Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Rats by Inhibiting Microvascular Inflammation via Nrf2 Activation 