Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Augments Antioxidant Capacity and Alleviates Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Study characteristics of included studies.

Citation (first author et al., year)	Location	Study population	Sample size (control/intervention)	Mean age (control/intervention)	Intervention/daily dose	Duration (week)	Measured outcomes and results
Pilar et al., 2014	Brazil	MetS	24/20	45–55/45–55	Golden flaxseed/40 g	4	MDA (↓)
Mirfatahi et al., 2016	Iran	HD	17/17	59.0 ± 16.4/68.0 ± 12.3	Flaxseed oil/6 g	8	MDA (Ns)
Soleimani et al., 2017	Iran	DN	30/30	62.4 ± 9.6/62.9 ± 10.5	Omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil/1000 mg	12	TAC (↑), MDA (Ns), GSH (Ns)
Soleimani et al., 2017	Iran	DFU	30/30	59.9 ± 9.2/58.8 ± 11.2	Omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil/2000 mg	5	TAC (↑), MDA (Ns), GSH (↑)
Akrami et al., 2017	Iran	MetS	26/26	48.8 ± 6.4/48.3 ± 6.9	Flaxseed oil/25 ml	7	MDA (Ns)
Raygan et al., 2019	Iran	T2DM with CHD	30/30	62.0 ± 13.0/64.6 ± 9.1	Omega‐3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil/2000 mg	12	TAC (↑), MDA (↓), GSH (↑)
Jamilian et al., 2020	Iran	GDM	25/26	28.5 ± 4.1/29.5 ± 5.0	Omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil/2000 mg	6	TAC (Ns), MDA (↓), GSH (↑)
Rezaei et al., 2020	Iran	NAFLD	34/34	40.8 ± 8.7/45.5 ± 8.7	Flaxseed oil/20 g	12	TAC (Ns), MDA (Ns)

DFU: diabetic foot ulcer; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; GSH: glutathione; MDA: malondialdehyde; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; CHD: coronary heart disease; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.