Research Trends, Hot Spots, and Prospects for Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Field of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Table 7

Examples of typical mechanisms of TCM against I/R injury.

Mechanism	TCM	Model	Specific mechanism	Ref.
Antioxidant stress	Xueshuantong injection	MCAO	Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1↑, activate the Nrf2-VEGF pathway to promote angiogenesis and antioxidant effects	[15]
	Salvia	MCAO	By scavenging free radical activity	[16]
Anti-inflammatory	Guizhi-Fuling capsules	MCAO	IL-1β and TNF-α↓, IL-10 and IL-10R↑	[17]
	Qingkailing	OGD/R	TNF-α,COX-2, iNOS, and p-p38↓	[18]
Antiapoptosis	Tongxinluo	MCAO	Effectively protects ischemia-reperfusion injury through the Cx43/calpain II/bax/caspase-3 pathway and reduces cell death	[19]
	Tongxinluo	MCAO	Mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway	[20]
	Emodin	OGD/R	Induces the expression of Bcl-2 and GLT-1 through the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway, inhibits neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen generation, and reduces glutamate toxicity	[21]
	Qingda granule	OGD/R	lncRNA GAS5, bax, caspase-3↓, miR-137, and Bcl-2 ↓	[22]
Neuroprotection/neuroregeneration	Shouwu Yizhi decoction	MCAO	By upregulating the expression of miR210 induced by VEGFA, the notch pathway is activated to promote angiogenesis	[23]
	Huatuo Zaizao pill	MCAO	BDNF↑, improves the neurogenesis level of cerebral ischemic animals	[24]