Hepatoprotective Effects of (−) Epicatechin in CCl4-Induced Toxicity Model Are Mediated via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats
Table 1
Effect of (−) epicatechin on ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, and albumin concentrations.
Samples
Control
EP
CCl4
CCl4-EP
CCl4-SILY
Samples
Control
EP
CCl4
CCl4-EP
CCl4-SILY
Serum ALT activity (U·L−1)
Serum AST activity (U·L−1)
1
15.23
9.84
80.15
19.2
13.33
1
36.31
24.12
118.09
25.07
35.54
2
11.42
11.11
41.74
10.79
18.57
2
30.28
30.45
129.83
35.87
55.22
3
14.6
10.15
37.45
12.06
13.33
3
25.07
21.9
124.12
30.15
28.24
4
13.33
14.6
26.66
18.25
19.84
4
24.75
22.85
143.16
29.83
48.72
5
12.69
8.89
55.23
17.93
21.74
5
25.07
19.67
125.39
26.34
53.17
6
10.15
8.57
66.32
12.06
25.98
6
28.24
26.34
95.07
26.97
30.46
7
11.74
13.33
72.38
18.25
30.74
7
18.72
26.97
121.9
39.67
27.29
8
9.2
9.84
82.38
22.45
35.40
8
23.17
19.67
84.12
35.8
52.99
9
10.79
12.06
27.5
18.22
19.00
9
25.07
15.87
130.15
26.7
22.21
10
7.93
8.25
73.65
17.00
25.00
10
36.87
30.15
93.17
36.2
50.34
Mean
11.70
10.66
56.34
16.62
22.29
Mean
27.35
23.79
116.5
31.26
40.418,
vs. control
0.82
4.04
0.22
0.027
vs. control
0.14
8.03
0.53
0.011
vs. CCl4 group
5.50
3.30
vs. CCl4
3.14
6.68
vs. SILY group
0.078
vs. SILY
0.07
Serum ALP activity (U·L−1)
Serum albumin level (g %)
1
58.81
49.62
165.46
64.11
111.19
1
3.064
2.74
2.78
3.12
2.59
2
102.92
49.62
168
79.95
128.76
2
3.206
3.46
2.50
2.77
2.55
3
101.01
68.92
162.66
45.03
73.52
3
3.149
3.70
2.86
2.76
3.03
4
85.46
85.46
110.54
36.76
67.08
4
2.809
3.50
2.67
3.59
3.18
5
102.44
94.65
107.52
48.70
55.95
5
3.20
3.01
2.22
3.12
3.18
6
44.70
45.03
175.35
61.57
110.28
6
3.45
3.26
2.11
3.03
3.39
7
38.57
36.76
91.46
38.59
116.71
7
3.21
3.64
2.10
3.26
3.39
8
38.59
88.46
151.46
97.23
67.30
8
3.45
2.95
2.81
3.21
3.18
9
40.11
98.00
162.49
100.3
143.47
9
3.33
3.54
2.25
3.4
3.43
10
52.95
51.46
172.60
103.2
55.35
10
2.95
3.21
2.56
3.56
2.11
Mean
66.56
66.80
146.75
67.54
92.96,
Mean
3.18
3.30
2.49
3.18
3.00
vs. control
0.983
1.03
0.93
0.01
vs. control
0.327
9.90
0.97
0.27
vs. CCl4 group
7.83
1.10
vs. CCl4
4.62
0.00075
vs. SILY group
0.06
vs. SILY
0.30
The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 7). vs. control group and vs. CCl4 group. Control: placebo group; EP: (−) epicatechin group; CCl4-EP: CCl4 and (−) epicatechin group; SILY: silymarin group.
