Suppression of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signals by Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and Cinnamaldehyde in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Overactive Bladder in Mice

Figure 2

Micturition patterns of cyclophosphamide-induced OAB in mice. Male ICR mice were subjected to cyclophosphamide (CYP, 300 mg/kg)-induced OAB in the presence or absence of cinnamon powder (CNP) and cinnamaldehyde (CNA). Micturition patterns including (a) frequency (time within 24 hours) and (b) volume (μl per time) within 24 hours were recorded using an automated Voided Stain on Paper (aVSOP) method. Animal groups: (1) sham control group (control, n = 10) without CYP induction; (2) one CNP (at 600 mg/kg, 30 min after CYP induction, p.o.) treatment group with CYP (CYP + CNP (600), n = 10); (3, 4, and 5) three CNA (at 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, or 100 mg/kg, 30 min after CYP induction, p.o.) treatment groups with CYP (CYP + CNA (10) or CNA (50) or CNA (100), n = 10 for each dose); (6) one solifenacin (at 50 mg/kg, 30 min after CYP, p.o.) treatment group with CYP (CYP + solifenacin, n = 10); and (7) a vehicle (normal saline with 0.1% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) group with CYP (CYP + Veh, n = 10). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ^†, , compared with control or CYP + Veh group, respectively, by one-way ANOVA followed by S-N-K post hoc t-test for multiple comparisons.

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