Suppression of Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signals by Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and Cinnamaldehyde in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Overactive Bladder in Mice

Figure 3

Edema in the bladder and hemorrhagic cystitis of cyclophosphamide-induced OAB in mice. Male ICR mice were subjected to cyclophosphamide- (CYP-, 300 mg/kg) induced OAB in the presence or absence of CNP and CNA. (a) Upper panel, edema in the bladder scored as weight (mg) changes was calculated and analyzed; lower panel, the degree of hemorrhagic cystitis was analyzed and scored in Table 1; (b) typical histological images (H&E stain) under microscope (100X); bladder was significantly swollen in the CYP + Veh group as compared with control; detrusor (D), lamina propria (L), and urothelium (U) were indicated. Tissues disordered with fragmentation (as hashtags indicated) and swollen with large empty spaces (as stars indicated) in the lamina propria and detrusor were clearly observed in the CYP + Veh group and scored in Table 1. Animal groups: (1) sham control group (control, n = 5) without CYP induction (control); (2) vehicle (normal saline with 0.1% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) group with CYP (CYP + Veh, n = 5); (3) one CNP (at 600 mg/kg, 30 min after CYP induction, p.o.) treatment group with CYP (CYP + CNP600, n = 5); and (4) one CNA (at 50 mg/kg, 30 min after CYP induction, p.o.) treatment group with CYP (CYP + CNA5, n = 5).

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