The Relationships between Leptin, Genotype, and Chinese Medicine Body Constitution for Obesity
Table 6
Comparisons of demographic features, comorbidities, biochemical profiles, and genomic profiles within three-combined traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions (TCMBC) and balanced constitution (no inclined to any of three types) obesity enrollees.
Parameters
TCMBC
Three-combined (n = 22)
Balanced (n = 11)
Demographic features
Gender
<0.001
Female
20 (90.9%)
4 (36.4%)
Male
2 (9.1%)
7 (63.6%)
Age (years), mean (SD)
38.4 (10.9)
35.0 (10.2)
0.40
BMI, mean (SD)
30.5 (3.1)
31.3 (3.3)
0.50
Waist-hip ratio (WHR), mean (SD)
0.9 (0.1)
0.9 (0.0)
0.27
Waist-height ratio (WheR), mean (SD)
0.6 (0.1)
0.6 (0.0)
0.47
Appetite
0.53
Poor
2 (9.1%)
0 (0.0%)
Fair
19 (86.4%)
10 (90.9%)
Good
1 (4.5%)
1 (9.1%)
Food preference
Icy food
7 (31.8%)
1 (9.1%)
0.15
Deep-fried food
6 (27.3%)
0 (0.0%)
0.056
Smoking
1 (4.5%)
0 (0.0%)
0.47
Alcohol consumption
7 (31.8%)
7 (63.6%)
0.081
Exercise ≥30 mins/week
17 (77.3%)
8 (72.7%)
0.77
Comorbidities
Hyperlipidemia
1 (4.5%)
0 (0.0%)
0.47
Hypertension
4 (18.2%)
2 (18.2%)
1.00
Diabetes mellitus
0 (0.0%)
2 (18.2%)
0.039
Stroke
0
0
1.00
Myocardial infarction
0
0
1.00
Allergic rhinitis
6 (27.3%)
1 (9.1%)
0.23
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
0
0
1.00
Biochemical profiles
Fasting sugar
92.4 (13.1)
101.7 (33.2)
0.25
HbA1c
6.1(0.5)
6.1 (0.9)
0.74
eAG
127.0 (13.0)
129.4 (25.7)
0.73
HDL
47.6 (10.3)
55.1 (24.6)
0.23
VLDL
31.5 (21.9)
31.6 (19.2)
0.99
LDL
126.9 (34.1)
129.9 (27.7)
0.80
Total cholesterol
199.2 (42.8)
201.6 (29.3)
0.87
Total cholesterol/HDL
4.3 (1.2)
4.4 (1.0)
0.92
LDL/HDL
2.8 (0.9)
2.8 (0.7)
0.89
Triglyceride
163.2 (132.2)
165.1 (110.7)
0.97
Leptin
27.7 (23.9)
11.3 (8.8)
0.036
Insulin
12.1 (5.3)
11.1 (4.7)
0.59
HOMA-IR
2.9 (1.7)
3.9 (4.0)
0.29
Adiponectin
7.2 (5.2)
6.5 (3.2)
0.70
HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; eAG, estimated average glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
