| | 2A: clinical studies |
| | Inclusion criteria | a) Clinical articles and reports on primary human data
b) Articles that investigated C. papaya leaf as an intervention in all types of formulations including as raw plant, extracts, juice, tablet, capsule, powder, and syrup, as a single herb
c) Articles that included patients of all ages and health status as study population | | Exclusion criteria | a) Review papers or reports on secondary data
b) Articles that investigated isolated compounds as intervention, including C. papaya-leaf-derived compounds
c) Articles that investigated mixture formulations which contain C. papaya leaf as one of their components, along with other active ingredients
d) Articles that investigated plant parts of C. papaya apart from leaves |
| | 2B: animal toxicity studies | | Inclusion criteria | a) Primary articles of in vivo animal toxicity studies
b) Articles that investigated C. papaya leaf as an intervention in all types of formulations including as raw plant, extracts, juice, tablet, capsule, powder, and syrup, as a single herb | | Exclusion Criteria | a) Review papers or reports on secondary data
b) Articles that investigated isolated compounds as interventions, including C. papaya-leaf-derived compounds
c) Articles that investigated mixture formulations which contain C. papaya leaf as one of their components, along with other active ingredients
d) Articles that investigated plant parts of C. papaya apart from leaves
e) Non-in-vivo papers such as in vitro and in silico studies
f) Efficacy papers |
| | 2C: herb-drug interaction studies | | Inclusion Criteria | a) Articles and reports on the primary data of any potential herb-drug interaction
b) All study types including clinical (inclusive of all ages and health status) and preclinical (in vivo, in vitro, in silico, and assay-based) papers
c) Articles that investigated C. papaya leaf as an intervention in all types of formulations including as raw plant, extracts, juice, tablet, capsule, powder, and syrup, as a single herb | | Exclusion criteria | a) Review papers or reports on secondary data
b) Articles that investigated isolated compounds as interventions, including C. papaya-leaf-derived compounds
c) Articles that investigated mixture formulations which contain C. papaya leaf as one of their components, along with other active ingredients as the main intervention (this does not refer to the herb/drug in which potential for interaction was investigated)
d) Articles that investigated plant parts of C. papaya apart from leaves |
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