|
| Author, year [ref.] | Study type (animal model, if any) | C. papaya formulation details (formulation; dose; frequency; duration; biomarker) | Drug candidate(s) of interaction | Outcome of interaction | Proposed type of interaction |
|
| Fakeye, 2007 [60] | In vivo (rat) | Dried C. papaya leaf 96% ethanolic extract;
5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg;
3 and 7 days;
NS | Metformin, glimepiride | Enhanced hypoglycaemic effect | Pharmacokinetic + pharmacodynamic |
| Sanella, 2009 [61] | In vitro | Dried C. papaya leaf decoction;
100 and 150 μg/mL;
NA;
Total flavanoids (expressed as rutin) | Artemisinin | Synergisim in inhibiting growth of Plasmodium falciparum | Pharmacodynamic |
| Onaku, 2011 [62] | In vivo (mouse) | Fresh C. papaya leaf crude aqueous extract;
50–200 mg/kg;
At 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after Plasmodium berghei infection;
NS | Artemisinin | Antagonism in percentage reduction of parasitaemia (P. berghei) | Pharmacodynamic |
| Oga, 2012 [63] | In vitro | Dried C. papaya leaf decoction of aqueous extract;
0.02–20 mg/mL;
Single dose;
NA;
NS | Digoxin | Inhibition of p-glycoprotein transport of digoxin | Pharmacokinetic |
| Ukpo, 2017 [64] | In vivo (rabbit) | Freeze-dried crude C. papaya leaf aqueous extract;
500 mg/kg;
Single dose;
NA;
NS | Ciprofloxacin | Reduced absorption and serum half-life of ciprofloxacin | Pharmacokinetic |
| Sanella, 2019 [65] | In vivo (mouse) and in vitro | Dried C. papaya leaf decoction;
100 and 150 μg/mL (in vitro), 250 mg/kg/day (in vivo);
14 days (in vivo);
Total flavanoids (expressed as rutin) | Artemisinin | Subsynergism in inhibiting P. falciparum growth | Pharmacodynamic |
|
