A Narrative Review on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders

Table 2

The clinical trials and cell line studies for watercress.

Gill CI et al.	A single-blind, randomized, crossover study	85 g raw watercress daily for 8 week	WC supplementation reduces lymphocyte DNA damage and alters blood antioxidant status [21]
Fogarty et al.	Randomized controlled investigation	Acute (consumption 2 h before exercise) and chronic (8 weeks consumption)	Acute and chronic WC supplementation attenuates exercise-induced peripheral mononuclear cell DNA damage and lipid peroxidation [44]
Hofmann et al.	—	85 g WC per day for 8 weeks	WC modulated the enzymes SOD and GPX in blood cells in vitro and in vivo [55]
Boyd et al.	Human colon cancer cells (HT29)	—	WC extract protective against the three stages of the carcinogenesis process [56]
Lhoste et al.	Human HepG2 cells	—	WC acted as a bifunctional inducer by enhancing both phase I and phase II enzymes [58]
Hecht et al.	—	2 ounces (56.8 g) of watercress at each meal for 3 days	Effects of watercress consumption on metabolism of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in smokers [78]
Rose et al.	Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells	—	WC suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and invasiveness of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells [79]