Research Progress on Natural Product Ingredients’ Therapeutic Effects on Parkinson’s Disease by Regulating Autophagy

Table 1

Chemical structures, pharmacological actions, and related signal pathways of natural product ingredients included in this article.

	Chemical structure	Pharmacological action	Signal pathways
Salidroside		Regulating autophagy, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis	mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, JNK3/caspase-3 signaling pathway, ROS-NO-related mitochondrion pathway, and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway; TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, TXNIP/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway, NO pathway, and PI3K/AKT pathway
Astragaloside IV		Regulating autophagy, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis	p38 MAPK signaling pathway, JNK3/caspase-3 signaling pathway JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, SIRT1-FOXO3a signaling pathway, and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Paeoniflorin		Regulating autophagy, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis	SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway, PI-3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway
Curcumin		Regulating autophagy, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis	PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, MEK-ERK-CREB signaling pathway, and IGF-1/Akt/ FOXO3a signaling pathway
Resveratrol		Regulating autophagy, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antiapoptosis	SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway
β-Asarone		Regulating autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as antiapoptosis	JNK/Bcl-2/Beclin 1 pathway, IRE1/XBP1 pathway, and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2/Beclin 1 pathway
Corynoxine		Regulating autophagy	Akt/mTOR pathway
Baicalein		Regulating autophagy and gene expression, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis	NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, mitochondrial pathway, caspase-8 and Bid-dependent pathway, and CREB and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway