A Randomized Clinical Hypnosis Pilot Study: Improvements in Self-Reported Pain Impact in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Table 9

Group B within group comparisons over time before and after the crossover.

Variable	N	χ^2 (df = 4)	value
VAS	7	1.23	0.89
PIQ	7	5.35	0.25
BDI	6	6.63	0.16
STAI total	7	4.65	0.33
STAI-state	7	7.36	0.12
STAI-trait	7	4.98	0.29
CSQ	7	3.25	0.52
PSQI	7	1.63	0.80

VAS: Visual Analog Scale; PIQ: Pain Impact Questionnaire; BDI: Beck’s Depression Inventory; STAI: Speilberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; CSQ: Coping Strategies Questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A nonparametric Friedman test was conducted comparing the differences within groups across time.