Duchesnea indica Extract Attenuates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation in Murine Alveolar Macrophages through the NF-Kappa B Pathway

Figure 2

Effect of the Duchesnea indica extract (DIE) on coal fly ash- (CFA-) induced NO production and cell viability in murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S). (a) Schematic diagram of this study. The cells were in six groups including the basal (control) group, only CFA (2.5 μg/mL) group, and CFA with the DIE (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) group. Cells were treated with the above concentrations of the DIE for 30 min prior to the CFA treatment (2.5 μg/mL) and incubated for 18 h. (b) NO level was determined using the Griess reagent method. (c) Cell viability assay was performed using the MTT reagent method. The cells were seeded in a 24-well plate. All values were expressed as standard error of mean ± (SEM) from three independent experiments. when compared with basal group; , , and when compared with the only CFA-treated group.

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