Duchesnea indica Extract Attenuates Coal Fly Ash-Induced Inflammation in Murine Alveolar Macrophages through the NF-Kappa B Pathway

Figure 3

Effect of the DIE on CFA-induced proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in MH-S cells analyzed via RT-PCR. (a) After 18 h of incubation with CFA (2.5 µg/mL), the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory mediators (COX-2 and iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and GAPDH (housekeeping gene) were determined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (b–f) Densitometric analysis of relative mRNA expression levels which were quantified using the ImageJ program. The cells were seeded in a 6-well plate, and the doses of DIE were used as 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. All values were expressed as standard error of mean ± (SEM) from three independent experiments. when compared with the basal group; , , and when compared with the only CFA-treated group.

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