The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an Adjunct Treatment on Stable COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Basic characteristics of included studies.

Author	Year	Sample size (intervention/control)	Age (years) (course of disease (years))		Gender (male/female)		Intervention#	Control	Treatment duration (weeks)	Baseline difference	Quality control
			Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention
Wang	2019	48/48	63.04 ± 8.39 (12.17 ± 3.51)	62.87 ± 9.35 (12.63 ± 3.84)	25/23	27/21	MSZYQD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhu	2019	45/45	63.6 ± 8.4 (13.5 ± 7.4)	61.6 ± 8.5 (13.4 ± 7.3)	23/22	25/20	YQYYTBLMZY + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Chen	2019	64/64	67.89 ± 9.58 (3.12 ± 0.45)	66.99 ± 10.77 (3.21 ± 0.36)	31/33	32/32	MXBFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhou	2019	50/50	67.50 ± 6.51 (NR)	63.74 ± 6.5 (NR)	31/19	32/18	BSNQG + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Liu	2019	51/52	61.75 ± 8.2 (6.05 ± 2.33)	62.40 ± 0.31 (5.93 ± 2.47)	34/17	36/16	BFHXD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhang	2019	30/30	64.02 ± 3.49 (8.02 ± 2.64)	63.82 ± 3.67 (7.85 ± 2.71)	16/14	17/13	MSZJQD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Zhang	2019	72/72	45.18 ± 6.30 (7.25 ± 1.99)	45.30 ± 6.12 (7.38 ± 1.99)	41/31	45/27	SMZYYFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Lin	2019	33/33	68.24 ± 9.76 (22.30 ± 2.75)	70.62 ± 9.38 (23.52 ± 2.89)	20/13	21/12	YSBFG + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Wang	2019	73/73	62.05 ± 5.13 (6.40 ± 1.25)	63.32 ± 4.59 (6.02 ± 1.14)	47/16	44/29	SMQFWSHTD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Jin	2019	30/30	NR	NR	NR	NR	SLBZDAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2019	40/40	68.25 ± 15.21 (7.82 ± 2.53)	(8.15 ± 2.41)	25/15	23/17	FZHTQYM + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Liang	2019	40/40	62 ± 10 (6 ± 5)	64 ± 10 (6 ± 5)	23/17	22/18	GBQFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Wang	2019	30/30	NR	NR	NR	NR	SLBZDAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Chen	2019	38/38	67.52 ± 3.22 (3.03 ± 0.38)	67.56 ± 3.24 (3.05 ± 0.37)	19/19	20/18	SQBFD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
He	2019	38/38	62.5 ± 0.5	62.4 ± 0.6	21/17	20/18	SQBFD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Yun	2019	42/42	63.5 ± 11.2 (12.5 ± 4.6)	67.2 ± 14.1 (10.5 ± 5.2)	19/23	22/20	SQGBD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Zeng	2019	30/30	64.43 ± 6.95 (9.5 ± 2.74)	66.20 ± 7.27 (9.0 ± 2.03)	19/11	16/14	LWBQG + CT	CT	32	NSD	NR
Ke	2019	58/58	45.6 ± 7.1 (3.14 ± 0.96)	44.8 ± 6.9 (3.27 ± 0.88)	31/27	35/23	JPYFD + CT	CT	3-4	NSD	NR
Feng	2018	60/60	60.12 ± 2.76 (8.14 ± 2.23)	59.42 ± 2.56 (7.58 ± 1.24)	36/24	38/22	QTJFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Huang	2018	40/40	65.56 ± 5.83 (5–20)	64.76 ± 6.46 (6–17)	29/11	30/10	JSLJD + THSWD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Xu	2018	30/30	61.4 ± 4.9 (12.3 ± 1.7)	62.6 ± 5.5 (12.6 ± 1.5)	15/15	14/16	BFHXD + CT	CT	28	NSD	NR
Liu	2018	55/55	51.97 ± 17.34 (9.2 ± 5.3)	52.61 ± 16.99 (9.4 ± 4.8)	35/20	34/21	BFHXD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Kang	2018	75/75	61.25 ± 11.57	62.2 ± 12.65	44/31	52/23	BZYQD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Wang	2018	38/38	65.44 ± 6.85 (6.23 ± 2.35)	65.96 ± 6.57 (6.43 ± 2.24)	19/19	20/18	YQBFD + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Lu	2018	29/29	58.3 ± 1.3	59.2 ± 1.2	16/13	15/14	LJZD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Yang	2018	30/30	57.14 ± 10.67 (9.92 ± 6.02)	56.75 ± 11.14 (10.36 ± 5.74)	21/9	20/10	FFGSD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2018	40/40	61.2 ± 2.1 (5.4 ± 1.1)	63.4 ± 1.8 (5.1 ± 1.0)	28/12	29/11	MZFWDD + CT	CT	16	NSD	NR
Yang	2018	40/40	75.0 ± 4.5 (5.0 ± 2.2)	74.5 ± 5.0 (5.3 ± 2.1)	28/12	27/13	PKHTD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Gao	2018	80/80	59.7 ± 6.4 (16.4 ± 2.1)	58.8 ± 5.9 (15.9 ± 2.7)	54/26	51/29	SGDHP + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Zhang	2018	60/60	62.39 ± 5.43 (13.95 ± 3.79)	64.36 ± 5.65 (13.19 ± 3.99)	37/23	34/26	SGBFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Wu	2018	15/15	51.46 ± 8.42 (10.01 ± 7.19)	53.25 ± 7.51 (9.85 ± 8.15)	8/7	6/9	SLBZD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Lu	2018	40/40	64.49 ± 8.22 (7.82 ± 0.92)	65.28 ± 8.31 (7.79 ± 0.90)	25/15	26/14	SQBFD + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Feng	2018	42/42	63.1 ± 8.7 (NR)	64.7 ± 9.2 (NR)	24/18	25/17	SQBFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Yue	2018	43/42	528.±4.9 (12.3 ± 3.7)	53.6 ± 3.2 (11.4 ± 2.2)	25/18	23/19	SQBFD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Xu	2018	60/60	65.65 ± 1.36 (10 ± 0.27)	66.35 ± 2.16 (10 ± 0.65)	38/22	36/24	MBXXXD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Tu	2018	30/30	60.00 ± 6.80 (11.53 ± 4.90)	62.60 ± 5.74 (11.92 ± 5.02)	29/1	28/2	MLJZD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2018	44/44	69.58 ± 1.02 (12.1 ± 3.4)	69.42 ± 1.03 (13.2 ± 4.5)	26/18	28/16	YFBJD + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Dai	2017	36/36	64 ± 7.2 (18.64 ± 10.61)	63.33 ± 6.11 (15.61 ± 8.05)	19/17	18/18	SSSQD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhou	2017	30/30	72.05 ± 7.62(6.03 ± 1.09)	71.89 ± 7.56(6.57 ± 1.14)	17/12	18/12	MZFWDF + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Liu	2017	40/40	64.21 ± 6.91(13.56 ± 8.62)	66.17 ± 6.02(12.89 ± 7.94)	27/13	25/15	ZYZYF + CT	CT	4.29	NSD	NR
Yu	2017	42/41	63.34 ± 5.19 (NR)	63.34 ± 5.19 (NR)	20/21	21/21	BZYQD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Zhang	2017	50/50	52.02 ± 3.10(12.80 ± 2.11)	53.23 ± 3.02(13.30 ± 2.01)	27/23	28/22	SZYQD + CT	CT	2	NSD	NR
Kong	2017	30/30	56.5 ± 13.5(9.5 ± 5.5)	55 ± 13(9 ± 6)	19/11	17/13	BFFCD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Wang	2017	30/30	69.43 ± 4.897(5.80 ± 2.709)	68.00 ± 6.119(6.10 ± 2.746)	18/12	21/9	ILANKM + CT	CT	8.57	NSD	NR
Wang	2017	42/41	66.43 ± 7.76(5.73 ± 1.64)	67.08 ± 7.43(6.02 ± 1.58)	24/17	26/17	BFHXD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Zhao	2017	42/42	61.32 ± 10.03 (NR)	62.99 ± 9.10 (NR)	24/18	23/19	BFD + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Gong	2017	45/44	59.62 ± 5.97(19.61 ± 4.85)	59.63 ± 5.96(19.62 ± 5.97)	24/20	24/21	BFJPYSD + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Dong	2017	33/32	66.3 ± 8.3 (NR)	66.5 ± 8.1 (NR)	15/17	16/17	GJDCP + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhou	2017	35/35	53.7 ± 10.9 (NR)	53.7 ± 10.9 (NR)	34/36	34/36	SMYFPCD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Xiao	2017	25/25	64.3 ± 5.7(8.5 ± 2.3)	64.5 ± 5.3(8.3 ± 2.1)	18/7	16/9	SMWBPSD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2017	50/50	70.06 ± 3.09(6.12 ± 1.12)	70.61 ± 3.11(6.02 ± 1.05)	26/24	27/23	SMYYQFD + CT	CT	1	NSD	NR
Wen	2017	33/34	56.85 ± 5.47(8.36 ± 3.63)	56.85 ± 5.47(8.36 ± 3.63)	NR	NR	FLK + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
You	2017	83/83	63.75 ± 5.91(7.08 ± 1.51)	63.37 ± 5.87(6.88 ± 1.53)	46/37	50/33	YQHTQYTLD + CT	CT	8.57	NSD	NR
Lu	2017	38/38	64.20 ± 13.40 (NR)	64.20 ± 13.40 (NR)	22/16	19/19	WBFSM + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Yang	2017	40/40	NR	NR	34/6	31/9	FFGSD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Lu	2017	44/44	NR	NR	NR	NR	PCGBD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Lu	2017	31/31	63.5 ± 4.1(4.2 ± 0.8)	64.2 ± 4.2(4.0 ± 0.6)	17/14	18/13	SLBZPAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2017	38/38	40.32 ± 3.12 (NR)	40.65 ± 3.08 (NR)	21/17	22/16	MSGP + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Guo	2017	46/46	59.1 ± 5.9 (NR)	58.±5.7 (NR)	27/19	29/17	YYQFD + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Zhao	2017	50/50	67.45 ± 3.14(4.8 ± 1.1)	65.32 ± 2.25(4.7 ± 1.2)	34/16	38/12	SMLRD + CT	CT	2	NSD	NR
Lin	2017	34/34	60.49 ± 8.26(7.01 ± 2.39)	60.49 ± 8.26(6.89 ± 2.60)	19/15	19/15	MLJZD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Lou	2016	60/59	71.2 ± 5.7(19.23 ± 4.53)	72.35 ± 4.77(18.42 ± 3.37)	36/23	35/35	JQNSM + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Ye	2016	42/42	63.14 ± 12.08(6.84 ± 2.99)	62.47 ± 11.08(7.01 ± 3.68)	24/18	22/20	TBFSM + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Bian	2016	25/25	60.3 ± 5.7(16.4 ± 3.6)	60.3 ± 5.7(16.4 ± 3.6)	NR	NR	BSFCD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Li	2016	30/30	61.33 ± 11.50(14.12 ± 5.3)	62.2 ± 12.67(12.5 ± 4.88)	16/14	19,11	ZLFSQXDGFTJ + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Tang	2016	34/34	65.87 ± 9.08 (NR)	63.77 ± 8.64 (NR)	20/14	23/11	ZCG + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Guo	2016	49/49	69.3 ± 2.5(5.4 ± 0.7)	70.2 ± 2.3(5.6 ± 0.5)	28/21	27/22	MZFWDF + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Fang	2016	59/59	64.02 ± 11.15(6.79 ± 2.14)	63.87 ± 10.62(6.32 ± 2.02)	36/23	35/24	SLBZPAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Chen	2016	30/30	66.1 ± 5.8(6.3 ± 1.6)	65.6 ± 5.1(6.5 ± 1.8)	17/13	19/11	LJF + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Hu	2016	30/30	67.90 ± 7.34(16.47 ± 6.95)	68.63 ± 6.49(14.87 ± 9.07)	19/11	18/12	BFDAAS + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Liang	2015	42/42	63.14 ± 12.08(6.84 ± 2.99)	62.47 ± 11.08(7.01 ± 3.68)	24/18	22/20	TBFSM + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Wang	2015	37/37	67.13 ± 6.95(3.92 ± 0.39)	66.72 ± 7.92(3.85 ± 0.44)	15/22	18/19	BFYSD + CT	CT	1	NSD	NR
Si	2015	40/40	70.43 ± 8.73(16.30 ± 5.19)	72.04 ± 9.36(18.30 ± 5.84)	22/18	25/15	BFJPYSD + CT	CT	NR	NSD	NR
Wang	2015	36/36	60.51 ± 11.03(14.52 ± 5.96)	60.81 ± 8.18(14.56 ± 6.32)	22/14	21/15	BZGWHJ + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Li	2015	38/38	57.18 ± 9.92 (NR)	56.63 ± 10.23 (NR)	23/15	20/18	YQBSHXF + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
He	2015	25/25	NR	NR	NR	NR	SLBZG + CT	CT	36	NSD	NR
Huang	2015	40/41	67.28 ± 4.30(8.9 ± 7.8)	65.36 ± 2.10(8.8 ± 7.1)	25/16	23/17	KFZY + CT	CT	36	NSD	NR
Zhang	2015	45/30	63.2 ± 11.5 (NR)	63.8 ± 10.7 (NR)	18/22	29/16	SXDAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Luo	2014	80/80	66.8 (15.49)	64.8 (16.32)	62/18	64/16	BFPCD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Wen	2014	40/40	68.3 ± 9.0(15.4 ± 3.6)	68.6 ± 9.2(15.7 ± 3.8)	28/12	30/10	BFDAAS + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Li	2014	49/49	61.37 ± 4.18(10.6 ± 8.9)	63.52 ± 3.67(11.4 ± 7.3)	30/19	32/17	BFNSF + CT	CT	3	NSD	NR
Qi	2014	80/80	55.9 ± 3.9(8.2 ± 3.1)	56.3 ± 4.2(7.9 ± 4.2)	46/34	44/36	WSBFHTT + CT	CT	8	NSD	NR
Zeng	2014	43/42	66.9 ± 7.9(14.8 ± 3.9)	67.4 ± 7.2(15.3 ± 4.5)	29/13	28/15	MSZYQD + GZLMD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Zhang	2014	30/30	40.46 ± 16. (NR)	45.35 ± 15.32 (NR)	12/18	7/23	QZYQDG + CT	CT	2	NSD	NR
Chen	2013	30/30	63.51 ± 11.24(10.86 ± 7.54)	62.54 ± 12.56(11.61 ± 8.44)	18/12	16/14	BFYSQTD + CT	CT	42	NSD	NR
Tan	2013	45/34	NR	NR	NR	NR	BZYQM + CT	CT	2.14	NSD	NR
Zhang	2013	33/33	63.57 ± 11.47(33.57 ± 10.97)	62.03 ± 10.94(33.26 ± 9.41)	19/14	20/13	QYJDF + CT	CT	4	NSD	NR
Liang	2013	40/40	NR	NR	38/2	33/7	RFJPBSD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Jiang	2013	30/30	61.7 ± 3.2 (NR)	64.0 ± 2.1 (NR)	19/11	17/13	SLBZG + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Wang	2013	30/30	NR	NR	NR	NR	SLBZDAAS + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Dai	2013	40/40	NR	NR	NR	NR	SMBPYQD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Chen	2012	30/30	60.81 ± 8.57 (NR)	65.63 ± 7.43 (NR)	21/9	23/7	GBQTHYD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Chen	2011	50/50	67.73 ± 6.11(9.75 ± 3.56)	69.51 ± 5.41(9.45 ± 4.12)	41/9	38/12	FGFZM + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
Gong	2011	30/30	68.4 ± 6.2 (NR)	67.4 ± 6.8 (NR)	19/11	17/13	SETGM + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Tang	2010	34/35	71.00 ± 10.53(15.46 ± 10.89)	72.18 ± 10.78(14.53 ± 9.15)	26/9	23/11	JPYSD + CT	CT	12	NSD	NR
He	2010	49/49	NR	NR	NR	NR	SETGM + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Wang	2009	36/28	61.5 ± 4.8(15.6 ± 4.7)	62.1 ± 5.3(16.3 ± 5.1)	21/7	25/11	SMBFTFD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Wang	2008	32/26	61.5 ± 4.8(15.6 ± 4.7)	62.1 ± 5.3(16.3 ± 5.1)	20/6	23/9	BFTFD + CT	CT	NR	NSD	NR
Jiang	2008	30/25	63.2 ± 5.3(13.12 ± 3.38)	61.6 ± 6.1(15.25 ± 4.01)	17/8	23/7	SMYQHXD + CT	CT	24	NSD	NR
Hong	2018	30/30	68.59 ± 7.72 (15.70 ± 5.59)	67.93 ± 7.78 (14.57 ± 5.50)	27/1	28/0	YFN + CT	CT	8	NSD	YES

NSD = not significantly different; NR = not reported; CT = conventional treatment. # Detailed description of CHM in Appendix 6.