Molecular Mechanisms of Nigella sativa- and Nigella sativa Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

Figure 1

Photomicrographs of the immunohistochemical slides of the left ventricular wall stained with (a) GH, (b) IGF-I, (c) Akt, (d) AT-1, (e) endothelin-1, and (f) Erk-1 obtained from a. Control, b. N.s., c. Ex., and d. N.s.Ex. rats. N.s.: Nigella sativa-fed group; Ex.: exercise-trained group; N.s.Ex.: Nigella sativa-fed exercise-trained group; GH: growth hormone; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-I; Akt: also known as protein kinase B (PKB); AT-1: angiotensin-II receptor type 1; ET-1: endothelin-1; Erk1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½.

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