Molecular Mechanisms of Nigella sativa- and Nigella sativa Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

Table 1

Comparison of the histological and the immunohistochemical findings of the left ventricular walls among the experimental groups using ANOVA and LSD post hoc test.

	Control	N.s.	Ex.	N.s.Ex.
Cell diameter	88.8 ± 20.9	101.1 ± 23.3	108.4 ± 15.5	116.2 ± 9.8
No. of nuclei	191.6 ± 49.2	219.2 ± 55.5	223.4 ± 49.8	209.7 ± 54.7
GH	0.020 ± 0.010	0.030 ± 0.013	0.030 ± 0.011	0.031 ± 0.019
IGF-I	0.036 ± 0.025	0.045 ± 0.027	0.054 ± 0.035	0.045 ± 0.023
Akt	0.167 ± 0.008	0.022 ± 0.015	0.024 ± 0.011	0.027 ± 0.012
AT-1	0.021 ± 0.011	0.021 ± 0.012	0.030 ± 0.020	0.026 ± 0.010
ET-1	0.019 ± 0.011	0.020 ± 0.012	0.026 ± 0.016	0.016 ± 0.010
ErK1/2	0.039 ± 0.20	0.021 ± 0.012	0.024 ± 0.011	0.017 ± 0.010^a

. . compared to thes exercise group. GH: growth hormone; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-I; Akt: also known as protein kinase B (PKB); AT-1: angiotensin-II receptor type 1; ET-1: endothelin-1; Erk1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2.