The Efficacy of Backward Walking on Static Stability, Proprioception, Pain, and Physical Function of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Comparison of static stability between the two groups over time.

Groups	Items	SL (mm)	SA (mm^2)
BG	Before intervention	594.75 ± 205.13	949.56 ± 552.99
	After intervention	384.75 ± 106.99^△	610.50 ± 464.26^△
	Mean changes	−210.00	−339.06
CG	Before intervention	475.44 ± 156.72	629.00 ± 471.67
	After intervention	383.25 ± 171.88	538.69 ± 420.52^△
	Mean changes	−67.19	−90.31^∗
Time effect		0.079	0.01
Group◊Time effect	F	2.063	1.075
	P	0.156	0.304
	η^2	0.033	0.018

BG: backward walking group; CG: control group; SL: sway length; SA: sway area; ^△intragroup difference before intervention, ; ^∗intergroup difference after intervention, .